Long-term, high-fat-sucrose diet alters rat femoral neck and vertebral morphology, bone mineral content, and mechanical properties

Zernicke, R.F.; Salem, George; Barnard, R. James; Schramm, Eric

doi:10.1016/8756-3282(95)80007-d

Cited by 87 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Previous reports noted reduced cortical/ trabecular bone ratios in the femoral neck of rats fed an HFS diet (9,15) , similar to the substantial decrease (28 %) in the relative tibial diaphyseal Ct.Th observed in the present study. However, as no direct measurements of tibial Ct.Th were examined previously, a direct comparison to those data is not possible.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…Conversely, Li et al (14) found no significant change in the cross-sectional area of the tibiae of female rats fed an HFS diet for 10 weeks. Our data showing a 25 % reduction in relative tibial cross-sectional area in HFS mice may be related to the animal model and comparative duration of the experiment with respect to the animals' typical lifespan; as previous reports found exacerbation of adverse skeletal effects with prolonged ingestion of HFS diet (15) .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…Salem et al (4) reported a decrease of 11 % in cross-sectional area of L 6 vertebrae of rats fed an HFS diet for 10 weeks. Moreover, vertebral heights and volumes were substantially diminished in that group (4,15) . Conversely, Li et al (14) found no significant change in the cross-sectional area of the tibiae of female rats fed an HFS diet for 10 weeks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Previously, Zernicke et al (15) reported substantial decreases in relative load at maximum in L 6 vertebrae and in the femoral neck of HFS rats. The large deficits in maximal load reported in the Zernicke study were likely accounted for by anatomic location, bone type and length of study (2 years v. 10 weeks in the present study).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Those effects were exacerbated in the femoral neck and lumbar vertebrae of rats fed an HFS diet long term, suggesting that the skeleton did not positively adapt to this nutritional diet regimen to mitigate osteopenia over the lifespan (15) .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-fat, sucrose diet impairs geometrical and mechanical properties of cortical bone in mice

et al. 2009

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Exposure to diets high in fat and sucrose can induce hyperinsulinaemia, affect Ca and Mg metabolism, and alter bone mineralisation and mechanical properties. The present study assessed morphological and mechanical changes in a murine model exposed to a high-fat/sucrose (HFS) diet, as well as corresponding molecular and endocrine markers of bone turnover. Female C57BL/6 mice (aged 9 weeks) consumed either a low-fat, complex carbohydrate diet or an HFS diet for 10 weeks. At the end of the 10 weeks, serum was collected for biochemical analysis. Tibiae from half the mice (n 15) were randomly selected to be micro-computed tomography scanned and tested to failure in cantilever bending, while the remaining half were prepared for real-time PCR analysis. Serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase was significantly elevated in HFS mice, while osteocalcin remained unchanged. Both body mass and percentage body fat were greater in mice fed HFS diet. After adjusting for body mass, tibial structural and morphological properties were adversely affected in the HFS cohort. Cortical thickness, cross-sectional area, and load at maximum were all significantly lower in mice fed HFS diet. Receptor activator of nuclear factor kb ligand (RANKL) mRNA was significantly upregulated in HFS mice, but osteoprotegerin/RANKL mRNA ratio remained unchanged between cohorts. Moreover, cyclo-oxygenase-2 mRNA tended to be increased in HFS. Thus, ingestion of an HFS diet had a significant adverse effect on mouse bone morphology and mechanics, and these effects were likely due to elevated osteoclast activity associated with the inflammatory state of obesity, and not necessarily osteoclast recruitment/ proliferation.Cortical bone: High-fat/sucrose diet: Biomechanics: C57BL/6 mice The changing face of disease aetiology over the past century has brought to the forefront the need to examine the environmental or modifiable risk factors that have influenced the epidemic of chronic disease afflicting a majority of the Western world. Nutritional status is a readily modifiable risk factor linked to numerous chronic conditions, including CHD, cancer, obesity, diabetes and osteoporosis (1,2) . Nonetheless, despite the prevalence of research linking poor dietary choices to chronic disease status, the nutritional patterns presently dominating most Western nations continue to be high in saturated fats, Na and refined carbohydrates from sugars, cereals and dairy products, and low in fruits, vegetables and lean protein (3) .Considerable effort has focused on discovering the underlying nutritional factors that predispose an individual to osteopenia or osteoporosis and subsequent fracture (4) . Much research has concentrated on the role of Ca and vitamin D metabolites influencing bone morphology and mechanics; however, macronutrients such as fat, protein and carbohydrate also play a vital role in bone health (5) . Considered independently, consumption of diets composed of large amounts of saturated fat has been documented to cause the formation of insoluble soap complexe...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-fat, sucrose diet impairs geometrical and mechanical properties of cortical bone in mice

et al. 2009

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References

2009

Food and Western Disease

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Mammalian Limb Loading and Chondral Modeling During Ontogeny

Hammond

Ning

Ward

et al. 2010

The Anatomical Record

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The adaptive growth response of cartilage, or chondral modeling, can result in changes in joint and limb proportions during ontogeny and ultimately contribute to the adult form. Despite Hamrick's (1999) reevaluation of the mechanisms of chondral modeling, the process of chondral modeling remains poorly studied in animal models. Here, we characterize the macro-and microanatomical responses of the femoral growth plate, articular cartilage, and bone in 15 juvenile Sus scrofa domestica subjected to different locomotor activity patterns. The exercised animals exhibit thinner cartilage zones, greater cellularity and larger proliferative chondrocyte areas in the growth plate, as well as larger femoral dimensions and a more elongate femoral head compared with sedentary controls. In general, the growth plate demonstrates greater adaptive changes than articular cartilage. Moreover, chondrocyte hypertrophy and proliferation were found to be responsive to locomotor loading and thus more important factors in chondral modeling than the extracellular matrix variables that were examined herein. In sum, the underlying mechanisms of adaptive chondrogenesis and bone plasticity are key to informing evolutionary and translational studies regarding determinants of variation in joint form and function. Given the disparity between the predictions of chondral modeling theory and our experimental findings, this suggests a need for further evaluation of chondral modeling responses during ontogeny. Anat Rec,

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Long-term, high-fat-sucrose diet alters rat femoral neck and vertebral morphology, bone mineral content, and mechanical properties

Cited by 87 publications

References 47 publications

High-fat, sucrose diet impairs geometrical and mechanical properties of cortical bone in mice

High-fat, sucrose diet impairs geometrical and mechanical properties of cortical bone in mice

References

Mammalian Limb Loading and Chondral Modeling During Ontogeny

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