Although bone autografts have been routinely used as "gold standard" for reconstruction/ replacement bone defects, because they have osteogenic, osteoinductive, osteoconductive properties, they have a high number of viable cells and are rich in growth factors. However, the use of autograft is limited by several factors, being one of them the insufficient amount of donor tissue. Therefore, bone substitute materials have been extensively studied in order to develop an ideal material for substitution of bone grafts, due to some disadvantages presented by autografts, allografts and xenografts, such as poor bone quality, an inadequate amount of bone and possible immunogenicity for allografts and xenografts, which limit the use of these grafts in specific surgical protocols. These disadvantages have led tissue engineering and biotechnology to develop new materials and promising methods for tissue repair, especially for bone tissue. Thus, bone substitutes, synthetic and/or biotechnologically processed have become potential materials for clinical applications in different areas of health. An ideal bone substitute (BS) material should provide a variety of shapes and sizes with suitable mechanical properties to be used in sites where there are impact loading; moreover, these materials should be biocompatible, osteoconductive, preferably being resorbable and replaced by new bone formation. In general, resorbable BS materials are preferred, since these materials are expected to preserve the increased bone volume during the reconstruction and simultaneously are gradually replaced by newly formed bone. Synthetic materials, denominated as alloplastics, may act as scaffolds for bone cells providing tissue growth inside the respective material.