Long-term HIV-1 infection without immunologic progression

Buchbinder, Susan; Katz, Mikhail G.; Hessol, Nancy A.; O'Malley, Paul M.; Holmberg, Scott D.

doi:10.1097/00002030-199408000-00014

Cited by 335 publications

(170 citation statements)

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“…In this context, the absence of any apparent disease progression for a long time is particularly intriguing. The patients included in this category have been identified as long-term non-progressors (LTNP) [3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CD8+ lymphocyte phenotype and cytokine production in long-term non-progressor and in progressor patients with HIV-1 infection

Zanussi¹,

Simonelli

D'Andrea³

et al. 1996

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

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SUMMARYIn most HIV-1-infected patients, clinical and immunological progression develops within a few years. Few infected people, termed long-term non-progressors (LTNP), remain healthy and immunologically stable for a long time. The factors governing the maintenance of this condition are not well known, but it is conceivable that CD8 lymphocytes, cells that play a central role in controlling in vitro HIV replication, may have a part in vivo in this process. The aim of this study was to characterize the phenotypic profile and the cytokine production of CD8 cells in a group of LTNP patients who had stable CD4 cell counts (>500/mm 3 ) for at least 7 years. Their CD8 absolute numbers were similar to a control group composed of HIV-1 patients who have a progressive decline of their CD4 cell counts. However, our multiparameter immunofluorescence studies show that a clinical and immunologically stable condition is associated with the presence of a CD28 , CD95 strongly positive CD8 population, while disease progression is marked by the CD28 ÿ CD95 CD8 subset. Purified CD8 cells from LTNP retain their ability to produce IL-2, interferon-gamma (IFN-°) and, to a lesser degree, to produce IL-10 and IL-4. In contrast, CD8 cells from progressors are unable to secrete IL-2 and IL-10. Although CD8 cytokine profile does not fit with the proposed T helper (Th)1/Th2 switch in progressive HIV infection, LTNP CD8 T cells maintain their capacity to produce IL-2 and IL-10 (Th0-like), a pattern very similar to that observed in normal HIV healthy controls. We suggest that CD8 cells expressing CD28, CD95 and having a Th0-like profile may be considered to be associated with long-term survival.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CD8+ lymphocyte phenotype and cytokine production in long-term non-progressor and in progressor patients with HIV-1 infection

Zanussi¹,

Simonelli

D'Andrea³

et al. 1996

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

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“…Néanmoins, depuis les années 1991-3, les études de cohortes avaient déjà pu mettre en évidence qu'une faible proportion des patients (0,5 à 8 %) [4,5] infectés par le VIH maintenait pendant plus de 10 ans un taux de lymphocytes T CD4 supérieur à 500/mm 3 , sans traitement antirétroviral et sans signe clinique de Sida [5]. Ces patients avaient été désignés comme survivants à long Trois hypothèses non exclusives ont été discutées pour expliquer ce phénotype de contrôle spontané de la réplication virale ou de non progression : (1) le contrôle peut être lié à l'agent pathogène luimême, ou à l'hôte, via (2) des caracté-ristiques génétiques ou (3) la qualité de la réponse immune.…”

Section: Une Nouvelle Classe De Patients : Les Hiv Controllersunclassified

“…En revanche, les anticorps neutralisants ne semblent pas impliqués dans ce contrôle. De même, il n'existe aucun argument pour une prédominance ethnique dans la progression lente de l'infection [5]. Les données récentes obtenues chez les HIV controllers ont également montré que les virus VIH isolés chez ces sujets maintenaient une capacité réplicative sans délétion du génome viral [13, 14] et un nombre très faible de cellules héber-geant l'ADN proviral [6,15].…”

Section: Une Nouvelle Classe De Patients : Les Hiv Controllersunclassified

“…Il n'y a jamais de latence virale. La durée de la phase asymptomatique avait initialement permis de différencier trois types de progression [2] : « standard » de 8 à 15 ans [4], « rapide » de 2 à 3 ans, et « lente » de plus de 10 ans [5]. Récemment, une nouvelle catégorie de patients, capables de contrôler leur terme, asymptomatiques à long terme (ALT), ou non progresseurs à long terme (LTNP).…”

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LesHIV controllers

Martinez

Autran

2008

Med Sci (Paris)

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“…It is intriguing that a small percentage of infected patients is asymptomatic. Although the majority of patients develop AIDS within a period of 10 years, about 5% are apparently healthy and exhibit stable levels of CD4 þ T cells for a decade or longer [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RNA interference and HIV‐1 infection

Kanzaki

Ornelas

Argañaraz

2007

Reviews in Medical Virology

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Life-prolonging antiretroviral therapy remarkably reduces viral load, but it does not eradicate the virus. An important obstacle preventing virus clearance is the presence of latent virion reservoirs in the host. However, new promising antiviral approaches are emerging, and a number of host cell factors involved in the disease progression and control of HIV-1 replication have been recently discovered. For instance, the RNA interference (RNAi) mechanism, besides many functions conserved throughout evolution, works as a defence mechanism against noxious transcripts which may provide a new tool to block viral replication. The recent definition of basic RNAi mechanisms, as well as the discovery of micro RNAs (microRNAs) encoded by the host cell genome and by HIV-1, also suggest that RNAi may be involved in the control of HIV replication.

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Long-term HIV-1 infection without immunologic progression

Cited by 335 publications

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CD8+ lymphocyte phenotype and cytokine production in long-term non-progressor and in progressor patients with HIV-1 infection

CD8+ lymphocyte phenotype and cytokine production in long-term non-progressor and in progressor patients with HIV-1 infection

LesHIV controllers

RNA interference and HIV‐1 infection

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