Long-Term Hydraulic Fracture Conductivities Under Extreme Conditions

Čikeš, Marin

doi:10.2523/36878-ms

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Well-testing of multiple wells over a period of several years by Cikes (2000) indicates that loss of fracture productivity was likely because of an actual loss of proppant-pack conductivity, not reservoir decline. He noted that this loss of conductivity occurred at a similar rate, even on wells that were not being produced.…”

Section: Methods To Investigate Fracture Diagenicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study of Proppant Formation Reactions

Weaver

Rickman

Luo

et al. 2009

SPE International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry

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Based on long-term API conductivity data, proppants are generally chosen to optimize fracturing cost versus fracture conductivity. This long-term data is acquired by measuring conductivity for two days at simulated conditions of closure stress and reservoir temperature. It is recognized that the majority of the conductivity damage to a proppant pack occurs rapidly during the first day at simulated conditions. It is clear on examination of raw data that conductivity has not reached equilibrium after two days of flow, but rather it is still declining. Investigators who have studied the effect of longer flowtime on fracture conductivity of proppants have all concluded that the decline in conductivity continues for a much longer time.Much attention has been given to the mechanical properties of proppants to aid in the selection of the best material for a particular fracture treatment. These properties include: size, proppant-size distribution, sphericity, hardness, crush resistance, and acid solubility. Other than acid solubility, little information about the chemical reactivity of the proppants has been noted. Recent work has demonstrated that, at some reservoir conditions, certain proppants become significantly chemically reactive.This paper presents the proppant as starting material for geochemical reactions with various aqueous fluids saturated in typical formation minerals. Methods have been developed for rapid testing of these interactions, and test results clearly demonstrate how important proppant chemical reactivity is as losses in proppant-pack permeability of 50-90% were obtained, owing to the genesis of cementatious and porosity-filling minerals. In addition, some proppant chemistries were found to be much more susceptible to these types of reactions, losing much of their mechanical strength in a surprisingly short period of time. Results from this study indicate that operators who rely solely on API test methods in evaluating the suitability of proppants for particular downhole conditions might miss significant damage potential from geochemical reactions occurring between the proppant and formation fluids.

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Section: Methods To Investigate Fracture Diagenicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study of Proppant Formation Reactions

Weaver

Rickman

Luo

et al. 2009

SPE International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry

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“…В исследованиях M.Кайкса [21], Ал.Ф.Шакуровой, Ай.Ф.Шакуровой [16], P.Мартинса [33], C.Аткинсона [18] в качестве основных показателей, которые необходимо учитывать при оптимизации технологий ГРП, рассматриваются геометрия (длина, ширина, высота) и остаточная проницаемость трещины ГРП, ее проводимость, роль скин-эффекта в определении продуктивности скважин.…”

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Improving Methodological Approach to Measures Planning for Hydraulic Fracturing in Oil Fields

Burenina

Avdeeva

Solovjeva

et al. 2019

PMI

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Цель исследования -разработка комплексного подхода к планированию проведения гидроразрыва пласта (ГРП) с учетом геолого-технических, гидродинамических, технологических и экономических критериев отбора скважин для включения в программы ГРП при повышении значимости экономических критериев.Выделены, систематизированы и проанализированы этапы формирования программы ГРП нефтяной компании. Показано, что высокая потенциальная результативность данного метода повышения нефтеотдачи на месторождениях с трудноизвлекаемыми запасами, с одной стороны, и сложность и высокая стоимость применения, с другой, обусловливают необходимость оптимизации параметров данного бизнес-процесса на всех стадиях осуществления и совершенствования методов его планирования. Обоснованы приоритетные направления совершенствования планирования ГРП: четкое определение критерия по срокам окупаемости мероприятий ГРП с учетом их технологических особенностей, совершенствование порядка расчета затрат на реализацию данной технологии и повышение обоснованности подбора скважин-кандидатов для включения в программу ГРП.Показана целесообразность применения при формировании программ ГРП дополнительного критерияпредельного минимально рентабельного дебита скважины и разработана методика его расчета. Использование данного критерия позволит учитывать не только технологические ограничения, но и пределы экономической целесообразности проведения ГРП на каждой конкретной скважине и уже на этапе предварительного отбора скважин-кандидатов исключить априорно нерентабельные мероприятия.Предложенные направления совершенствования планирования применения ГРП целесообразно учитывать при разработке корпоративных нормативных документов, что будет способствовать повышению качества планирования геолого-технических мероприятий, минимизации инвестиционных рисков, более рациональному использованию средств нефтяных компаний, направляемых на проведение мероприятий по повышению нефтеотдачи пластов, выбору оптимальных управленческих решений.Ключевые слова: нефтяная компания; повышение нефтеотдачи; планирование; геолого-технические мероприятия; гидроразрыв пласта; дебит; экономическая эффективность Как цитировать эту статью: Совершенствование методического подхода к планированию мероприятий по гидроразрыву пласта на нефтяных месторождениях / И.В.

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“…In practice, the geometry of a hydraulically generated fracture is not known exactly; therefore, the actual fracture conductivity cannot be calculated directly. Pressure transient analysis of post-frac pressure buildup data can be used to estimate fracture dimensions and conductivity (Cikes 2000). Cikes used this method to demonstrate that fracture conductivity decreased dramatically in hightemperature wells that were propped with high-strength proppants.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention of Geochemical Scaling in Hydraulically Created Fractures: Laboratory and Field Studies

Nguyen

Weaver

Rickman

2008

SPE Eastern Regional/Aapg Eastern Section Joint Meeting

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Fracture conductivity values observed by well testing following hydraulic fracture stimulation treatments are often much lower than the values obtained by laboratory measurements for most proppants. In addition, many stimulated wells show loss of fracture conductivity with time, leading to reduced productivity and lost revenue.This rapid loss in fracture conductivity has been attributed to frac gel damage, embedment, proppant crushing, and fines invasion. All these damage mechanisms have been well studied in the laboratory, resulting in materials and methods employed to minimize their effect on conductivity. While these methods have improved productivity, stimulated wells rarely achieve the theoretical conductivity expected from a given proppant. In addition, fracture conductivity often declines continuously, suggesting that there are other factors that influence long-term fracture conductivity.Recently it was suggested that a freshly placed proppant bed in a hot formation could undergo a geochemical process called diagenesis. This process involves the dissolution of some proppant minerals and subsequent reaction with minerals that are present in connate formation water. These subsequent reactions lead to the formation of many clays and clay-like crystals in addition to amorphous, porosity-filling materials that progressively damage the conductivity of propped fractures. This paper presents (1) results of a laboratory study aimed at quantifying this damage mechanism, (2) the development of multiple strategies to minimize this damage mechanism, and (3) field case studies analyzing production data to support two of these laboratory-indicated strategies.Findings reported in this paper should have a significant impact on how proppants are selected for various fracturing applications. To achieve maximum fracture conductivity and sustained production, it is no longer acceptable to simply select the proppants, based on API conductivity, cost, and availability, but planners must also consider (1) potential in situ reactions that may shorten proppant life or (2) proppant treatments that can be applied to minimize the impact of these reactions. Conductivity Damage MechanismsFracture Conductivity. A fracture generated during a hydraulic-fracturing treatment is a fluid conduit and has conductivity. This conductivity is responsible for the difference in the pre-and post-fracturing well productivity. In practice, the geometry of a hydraulically generated fracture is not known exactly; therefore, the actual fracture conductivity cannot be calculated directly. Pressure transient analysis of post-frac pressure buildup data can be used to estimate fracture dimensions and conductivity (Cikes 2000). Cikes used this method to demonstrate that fracture conductivity decreased dramatically in hightemperature wells that were propped with high-strength proppants. He suggested that there must be some unknown damage mechanism causing the dramatic conductivity decline even in the wells that were not on production.Proppant Pack. The hydraulic...

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Long-Term Hydraulic Fracture Conductivities Under Extreme Conditions

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

A Study of Proppant Formation Reactions

A Study of Proppant Formation Reactions

Improving Methodological Approach to Measures Planning for Hydraulic Fracturing in Oil Fields

Prevention of Geochemical Scaling in Hydraulically Created Fractures: Laboratory and Field Studies

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