Long-Term <i>Pinus radiata</i> Productivity Gains from Tillage, Vegetation Control, and Fertilization

Albaugh, Timothy J.; Álvarez, José Sala; Rubilar, Rafael; Fox, Thomas R.; Allen, H. Lee; Stape, José Luiz; Mardones, Oscar

doi:10.5849/forsci.14-207

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The increment in diameter growth (IDG) and the increment in height growth (IHG) were calculated as the difference between initial measurements and those after 1 year following thinning. The individual volume of each tree was estimated through a function developed for young radiata pine used by Albaugh et al (2015), Eq. (3):…”

Section: Growth Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaf area and growth of Chilean radiata pine plantations after thinning across a water stress gradient

Ojeda

Rubilar

Montes

et al. 2018

N.Z. j. of For. Sci.

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Background: Pinus radiata D.Don has been established in a wide range of soils and climatic conditions, showing high variability in both leaf area and volume productivity. Previous research has shown that plantation yield is affected by water availability, but the majority of this work has been done in unthinned stands and provided little insight on the effect of water availability on the productivity of thinned plantations. In order to improve forest productivity for plantations under a climate change scenario, we must understand the effect of plantation management, including thinning on the relationships among available water, leaf area index, and productivity. The aim of this work is to evaluate the effect of site water availability on the leaf area production and consequent volume growth in thinned radiata pine plantations over a water availability gradient. Methods: The effect of site available water on leaf area production and consequent volume growth in thinned Pinus radiata plantations over a water availability gradient across five sites in central and southern-central Chile was determined. Results: Regression analysis revealed water deficit to be related to both leaf area index and volume growth accounting for 77 and 78% of the variation respectively. Eighty-one percent of the variation in volume growth was explained by the leaf area index. Results showed a growth efficiency of 5 m 3 ha −1 per unit of leaf area index. Conclusions: Strong linear positive relationships between site water availability, leaf area, and stand growth after thinning found in this research suggest that water is the key factor controlling current productivity of radiata pine plantations across sites. A simple and robust water index that is well correlated with leaf area and stand annual volume growth allows for the construction of a simple predictive model that may support management decisions for radiata pine plantations.

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Section: Growth Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaf area and growth of Chilean radiata pine plantations after thinning across a water stress gradient

Ojeda

Rubilar

Montes

et al. 2018

N.Z. j. of For. Sci.

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“…Type C is similar to type B, where there is a positive response shortly after treatment; although the response will be partially or completely lost over time. Type D is observed as a negative growth response relative to an untreated control from the time of treatment initiation (Albaugh et al 2015).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Response to P fertilization at planting on P limited sites, but also treatments that reduce or eliminate hardwood competition (e.g., soil tillage, herbicide application) may result in a type A response (Zutter, Miller 1998;Nilsson, Allen 2003). A response is considered type B if growth increases in response to treatment relative to an untreated control occur for a short time after treatment, then the initial available resources are exhausted or are no longer available, and treated trees then stop responding (Albaugh et al 2015). Generally, midrotation nutrient applications on nutrient-limited sites result in a type B response (Miller 1981;Fox et al 2007).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The growth response of plantations to mid-rotation application of fertilizer may follow four patterns (type A, B, C, and D) relative to an untreated control. A treatment response is considered type A if growth increments increase throughout the rotation and result in an increased carrying capacity (Snowdon, Waring 1984;Snowdon 2002;Nilsson, Allen 2003;Albaugh et al 2015). Response to P fertilization at planting on P limited sites, but also treatments that reduce or eliminate hardwood competition (e.g., soil tillage, herbicide application) may result in a type A response (Zutter, Miller 1998;Nilsson, Allen 2003).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Mid-rotation response to fertilizer by Pinus radiata D. Don at three contrasting sites

Alzate¹,

Rubilar²,

Montes³

et al. 2016

J. For. Sci.

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Mid-rotation responses to fertilization of Pinus radiata D. Don plantations after the first or second thinning have been observed in research experiments in many regions where the species is grown. The practice is not however common in commercial plantations. This is probably because the effects of soil-site conditions on the magnitude and duration of tree and stand growth responses are not well understood. The effects of nitrogen (150 and 300 kg N·ha -1 ) and phosphorus (0, 20 and 40 kg P·ha -1 ) including common base fertilization of boron (8 kg B·ha -1 ) and potassium (65 kg K·ha -1 ) were evaluated in three mid-rotation P. radiata plantations after thinning. The plantations were located on sites with contrasting nutrient and water availability, sandy, granitic and redclay sites, in south-central Chile. The magnitude and duration of growth response was site specific. After 8 years, the growth response to the highest dose of fertilization relative to the control was 57 m 3 ·ha -1 (16%) at the granitic and 24 m 3 ·ha -1 (14%) at the sandy site. No response to either nitrogen or phosphorus fertilizer was observed at the red-clay site. Nitrogen and phosphorus were limiting at both granitic and sandy sites, and high fertilization doses considering 300 kg N·ha -1 plus 40 kg P·ha -1 would ameliorate nutrient resource limitations and yield a cost-effective increment in stand volume.

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“…With increasing human interventions and the uniform ecosystem structure, plantation forests are an ideal managed ecosystem to characterize the coupling effects of human activities and natural environmental factors on biogeochemical and hydrological cycling on a large scale. Previous studies have reported the distinct, local-scale carbon, nitrogen, and water cycles in plantation forests as compared to naturally regenerated forests (e.g., Albaugh et al, 2012Albaugh et al, , 2015Sun and Vose, 2016;Gyawali and Burkhart, 2015;Vose et al, 2012;Hoover et al, 2014). Although the importance of plantation forests has been recognized, a representation of plantation management practices in current Earth system models is lacking (e.g., Tian et al, 2014;Pan et al, 2015), mainly due to few established relationships between management practices and ecosystem biogeochemical and hydrological cycling, as well as no available long-term and high-spatialresolution gridded plantation maps at regional and national scales (Escalante Fernandez et al, 2002).…”

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Spatial and temporal patterns of plantation forests in the United States since the 1930s: an annual and gridded data set for regional Earth system modeling

Chen

Pan

Hayes

et al. 2017

Earth Syst. Sci. Data

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Abstract. Plantation forest area in the conterminous United States (CONUS) ranked second among the world's nations in the land area apportioned to forest plantation. As compared to the naturally regenerated forests, plantation forests demonstrate significant differences in biophysical characteristics, and biogeochemical and hydrological cycles as a result of more intensive management practices. Inventory data have been reported for multiple time periods on plot, state, and regional scales across the CONUS, but the requisite annual and spatially explicit plantation data set over a long-term period for analysis of the role of plantation management on regional or national scales is lacking. Through synthesis of multiple inventory data sources, this study developed methods to spatialize the time series plantation forest and tree species distribution data for the CONUS over the 1928-2012 time period. According to this new data set, plantation forest area increased from near zero in the 1930s to 268.27 thousand km 2 in 2012, accounting for 8.65 % of the total forestland area in the CONUS. Regionally, the South contained the highest proportion of plantation forests, accounting for about 19.34 % of total forestland area in 2012. This time series and gridded data set developed here can be readily applied in regional Earth system modeling frameworks for assessing the impacts of plantation management practices on forest productivity, carbon and nitrogen stocks, and greenhouse gases (e.g., CO 2 , CH 4 , and N 2 O) and water fluxes on regional or national scales. The gridded plantation distribution and tree species maps, and the interpolated state-level annual tree planting area and plantation area during 1928-2012, are available from https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.873558.

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Long-Term Pinus radiata Productivity Gains from Tillage, Vegetation Control, and Fertilization

Cited by 23 publications

References 32 publications

Leaf area and growth of Chilean radiata pine plantations after thinning across a water stress gradient

Leaf area and growth of Chilean radiata pine plantations after thinning across a water stress gradient

Mid-rotation response to fertilizer by Pinus radiata D. Don at three contrasting sites

Spatial and temporal patterns of plantation forests in the United States since the 1930s: an annual and gridded data set for regional Earth system modeling

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