Long-term immunity to measles, mumps, and rubella after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation

Abstract

A total of 124 patients who had survived at least 2 years after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) were studied. Serum was collected at least once yearly. IgG antibodies were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for measles and mumps. Rubella antibodies were analyzed by radial hemolysis. Antibody levels were interpreted as representing immunity, seronegativity, or seropositivity, but with uncertain immunity. The median follow-up of the patients was 6.5 years (range, 2 to 13.5 years). The calculated probabilities of being immune to measles at 3, 5, and 7 years from BMT were 47%, 27%, and 20%, respectively. The corresponding probabilities for mumps were 37%, 12%, and 6%, respectively; and for rubella, 47%, 33%, and 28%, respectively. The probabilities for being seronegative for measles, mumps, and rubella at 5 years after BMT were 60%, 73%, and 52%, respectively. When compared with those patients who had experienced previous natural measles disease (P < .05), the only factor that was important for immunity to measles after BMT was whether the patient had been immunized before BMT. There was no influence of donor seropositivity on the probability of becoming seronegative to mumps during follow-up. We conclude that most allogeneic patients will become seronegative to measles, mumps, and rubella during follow-up. Therefore, long-term B-cell memory function is not maintained, regardless of the immune status of the donor.

Allotype Analysis to Distinguish the Origin of Varicella-Zoster Virus Immunoglobulin G after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation

“…The corresponding probabilities were 37%, 12%, and 6% for mumps, and 47%, 33%, and 28% for rubella. They concluded that most allogeneic HSCT patients will become seronegative to nonlatent viruses during followup and long-term immunity, defined as persistent antibody not maintained regardless of the immune status of the donor [21]. However, since VZV is a latent and persistent virus, the time course of the disappearance of IgG after HSCT may be different from those of these nonlatent viruses.…”

Impfungen

“…Ljungman et al [19] überprüften die Langzeitimmunität gegen Masern, Mumps und Röteln bei 57 Patienten nach allogener KMT. Von den zum Zeitpunkt der KMT seropositiven Patienten hatten 2 Jahre später 51 % noch Masern-AK, 42 % Mumps-AK, 76 % Röteln-AK.…”

Comprehensive viromewide antibody responses by systematic epitope scanning after hematopoietic cell transplantation

“…Following myeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), full lymphocyte reconstitution and resolution of hypogammaglobulinemia may be protracted. 1,2 Human viral pathogens number in the hundreds, with thousands of possible strains, and clinically used proxies for risk of viral infection, such as absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) or total immunoglobulin levels (immunoglobulin G [IgG]), do not strongly predict protection against specific viral pathogens. Following HCT, preformed antibodies from the recipient continue to circulate, with an average halflife of ;26 days, and are thought to be slowly replaced by donor IgG following establishment of the donor B cell and plasma cell population much later.…”