Long-Term Immunogenicity of the Pandemic Influenza A/H1N1 2009 Vaccine among Health Care Workers: Influence of Prior Seasonal Influenza Vaccination

Song, Joon Young; Cheong, Hee Jin; Seo, Yu Bin; Kim, In Soo; Noh, Ji Yun; Choi, Won Suk; Jacob, Louis; Jeong, Hye Won; Kee, Sae Yoon

doi:10.1128/cvi.00725-12

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Although the profiles did not totally satisfy the CHMP criteria at 6 months postvaccination, the HI antibody responses showed a trend toward persistence in young adults. Consistent with a previous study, age appeared to be an important factor influencing immune response and persistence (16). The seroprotection rate for the A/H3N2 strain was especially high.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Long-Term Immunogenicity and Safety of a Conventional Influenza Vaccine in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Seo

Baek

Jacob

et al. 2015

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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cNo previous studies have assessed the persistence of immune responses in individuals with diabetes. We conducted this study to evaluate the long-term immunogenicity and safety of an influenza vaccine in type 2 diabetic subjects compared with nondiabetic controls. A randomized and controlled study was conducted at two university hospitals during the 2012-2013 influenza season. The study vaccine was a standard-dose trivalent subunit inactivated intramuscular vaccine. Serum hemagglutination-inhibiting (HI) antibodies were measured at the time of vaccination and 1 month and 6 months after vaccination. Local and systemic reactions were recorded for 7 days. A total of 105 diabetic patients and 108 controls were included in the analysis. One month after vaccination, both the diabetic and nondiabetic groups satisfied all of the criteria of the Committee for Medical Products for Human Use (CHMP), and the immunogenicity profiles were statistically similar between the two groups. Although the vaccine was well tolerated, and all adverse reactions were mild to moderate, there was a tendency toward a reduced incidence of local reactions in the diabetic group. All values in the long-term immunogenicity profiles were statistically similar between the two groups, except for the seroprotection rate for the A/H1N1 influenza virus strain, which was significantly lower in the elderly diabetic group than that in the elderly nondiabetic group. However, in multivariate analysis, long-term immunogenicity was associated with age and prevaccination titer, regardless of diabetes status. (This study has been registered at CRIS [https://cris.nih.go .kr/cris/en/] under registration no. KCT0001423.)A lthough the available data are limited, diabetic individuals may be more susceptible to influenza infections than nondiabetic individuals (1). In addition, individuals with diabetes are at increased risk of severe influenza virus infection and its complications compared to nondiabetic persons (2-4). Such phenomena are thought to be mediated by impairments in cellular and humoral immunity, which include reduced T cell responses, decreased neutrophil function, and B cell disorders (5). For this reason, annual influenza vaccination is universally recommended for patients with diabetes.To achieve protection against influenza virus infection, vaccinations should elicit a sufficient antibody response. Many studies have shown that diabetic individuals have an immune response to influenza vaccination similar to that of healthy controls, while a few studies have reported suboptimal responses in diabetic subjects (6-12). Immunogenicity should be maintained throughout the entire seasonal epidemic; therefore, an evaluation of longterm immunogenicity is essential before the current conventional vaccination program can be recommended. However, no study has assessed long-term immunogenicity in individuals with diabetes.If the immune responses and safety profiles prove to be unsatisfactory with the conventional influenza vaccine, immunogenicity-enhancing strateg...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Long-Term Immunogenicity and Safety of a Conventional Influenza Vaccine in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Seo

Baek

Jacob

et al. 2015

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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“…We found that in Part B subjects (one VLP dose), after 21 months of VLP vaccination, the GMT values were higher in VLP recipients than in the placebo group. Our results are in agreement with other studies, where it has been reported that antibodies to the A(H1N1)pdm09 virus can still be detected in adults up to at least 12 months after vaccination with various inactivated, split-virion H1N1 pandemic influenza vaccines [ 39 – 44 , 48 , 49 ]. Consistent with our findings, Landry et al, recently showed that a non-adjuvanted plant-made H1N1 pandemic influenza virus VLP vaccine induced detectable antibody levels up to 6 months after vaccination [ 12 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Likewise, after 25 months, we found a similar tendency in both the seroprevalent and seroprotective antibody levels in VLP vaccinated subjects compared with the placebo treated subjects. The SPR values that were found in the VLP recipients were lower (22.8–29.8%), compared with those reported in other egg-produced, non-adjuvanted, pandemic H1N1 vaccines, which, in adults, reached values from 46% up to 68% after 12 months [ 39 , 42 , 49 ]. In the case of adjuvanted vaccines (with MF59 or AS03), the SPR values reported elsewhere ranged from 35% [ 43 ] up to above 70% [ 40 , 44 , 48 ].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

Antibody Persistence in Adults Two Years after Vaccination with an H1N1 2009 Pandemic Influenza Virus-Like Particle Vaccine

et al. 2016

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The influenza virus is a human pathogen that causes epidemics every year, as well as potential pandemic outbreaks, as occurred in 2009. Vaccination has proven to be sufficient in the prevention and containment of viral spreading. In addition to the current egg-based vaccines, new and promising vaccine platforms, such as cell culture-derived vaccines that include virus-like particles (VLPs), have been developed. VLPs have been shown to be both safe and immunogenic against influenza infections. Although antibody persistence has been studied in traditional egg-based influenza vaccines, studies on antibody response durations induced by VLP influenza vaccines in humans are scarce. Here, we show that subjects vaccinated with an insect cell-derived VLP vaccine, in the midst of the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic outbreak in Mexico City, showed antibody persistence up to 24 months post-vaccination. Additionally, we found that subjects that reported being revaccinated with a subsequent inactivated influenza virus vaccine showed higher antibody titres to the pandemic influenza virus than those who were not revaccinated. These findings provide insights into the duration of the antibody responses elicited by an insect cell-derived pandemic influenza VLP vaccine and the possible effects of subsequent influenza vaccination on antibody persistence induced by this VLP vaccine in humans.

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“…A recent study suggested that vaccine efficacy was diminished in persons who had been vaccinated in the previous season [17], although the consistency of this effect and its underlying immunological mechanisms remain to be elucidated [18]. However, as older adults in Korea are highly compliant with annual seasonal vaccination, it is noteworthy that in a meta-analysis of individuals receiving successive vaccinations across three seasons, the comparatively higher antibody responses to adjuvanted vaccine did not decline after repeated vaccination (Fig.…”

Section: Immunogenicity In the Elderlymentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluad®-MF59®-Adjuvanted Influenza Vaccine in Older Adults

Tsai

2013

Infect Chemother

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Influenza directly or indirectly contributes to the four leading causes of global mortality, at rates that are highest in older adults. As the proportion of older adults in the Korean population is greater than in most other countries, influenza prevention is a greater public health priority in Korea than elsewhere. Conventional inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) is less immunogenic and efficacious (-50%) in older than in young adults, but adjuvanting the vaccine with oil-in-water emulsion MF59® increases immunogenicity, resulting in comparatively higher levels of hemagglutination inhibition antibodies and greater protection against all influenza, as well as cases requiring hospitalization. A recent observational study demonstrated that the adjuvanted vaccine protected older adults against influenza in a year when nonadjuvanted IIV was ineffective. In another multiyear study, the adjuvanted vaccine was estimated to be 25% more effective in preventing pneumonia and influenza hospitalizations compared to nonadjuvanted vaccine. Although MF59-adjuvanted vaccine is transiently more reactogenic than nonadjuvanted vaccine, there is no evidence that it increases risks for serious adverse events, including those with an autoimmune etiology. Experience thus far indicates a favorable balance of benefit to risk for MF59. This may reflect the adjuvant's mechanism of action in which the squalene oil emulsion increases antibody responses to co-administered antigen without acting more generally as an immunopotentiator.

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Long-Term Immunogenicity of the Pandemic Influenza A/H1N1 2009 Vaccine among Health Care Workers: Influence of Prior Seasonal Influenza Vaccination

Cited by 5 publications

References 20 publications

Long-Term Immunogenicity and Safety of a Conventional Influenza Vaccine in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Long-Term Immunogenicity and Safety of a Conventional Influenza Vaccine in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Antibody Persistence in Adults Two Years after Vaccination with an H1N1 2009 Pandemic Influenza Virus-Like Particle Vaccine

Fluad®-MF59®-Adjuvanted Influenza Vaccine in Older Adults

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