Long‐term implantation of a system of electrical stimulation of paralyzed laryngeal muscles in dogs

Abstract

Electrical stimulation of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle, synchronized with inspiration, was achieved in dogs utilizing a radio frequency stimulus triggered by a chest wall expansion transducer. This system brings about abduction of the paralyzed vocal cord for the entire duration of inspiration, which allows a normal flow of air through the larynx. The implantable part of that system was tested successfully in chronic experiments (up to 11 months) in dogs with experimental paralysis of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. We feel that the system may be suitable for pacing the paralyzed human larynx.

Functional electrical stimulation of laryngeal adductor muscle restores mobility of vocal fold and improves voice sounds in cats with unilateral laryngeal paralysis

“…Previous studies in acute and chronic animal models have demonstrated that FES restores abduction of the paralyzed laryngeal muscle (Obert et al, 1984;Otto et al, 1985;Bergmann et al, 1988;Sanders, 1991;Zealear et al, 2003). However, there are few reports describing remobilization of the paralyzed laryngeal adductor muscle by means of FES (Kojima et al, 1990;Kojima et al, 1991).…”

“…In the field of otolaryngology, FES has been proposed as an innovative treatment for the management of patients with laryngeal paralysis or facial palsy (Zealear and Dedo, 1977;Targan et al, 2000). Numerous studies in acute and chronic animal models have demonstrated that FES restores abduction of the paralyzed laryngeal muscles (Obert et al, 1984;Otto et al, 1985;Bergmann et al, 1988;Sanders, 1991;Zealear et al, 2000). Moreover, FES of the paralyzed posterior cricoarytenoid muscle of the human larynx has induced Ms#R0761F vocal fold abduction and restored ventilation through the glottis in case of bilateral laryngeal paralysis Billante et al, 2002;Zealear et al 2003).…”

An Exploratory Study of Voice Change Associated With Healthy Speakers After Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation to Laryngeal Muscles

“…Subsequent animal studies in the field of otolaryngology have demonstrated the effectiveness of PES in restoring abduction and adduction in paralyzed laryngeal muscles. [5][6][7] Applications of PES to laryngeal muscles in humans include using an implantable device on the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle to help maintain glottal opening in cases of bilateral vocal fold paralysis 8 and using electrical implants to control the laryngeal spasms of abductor spasmodic dysphonia by stimulating the thyroarytenoid or lateral cricoarytenoid muscles. 9 Although current and future developments in PES are promising, the procedure is invasive and not widely used.…”

Restoration of function in the paralyzed laryngeal muscles by functional electrical stimulation in cats

“…In the field of otolaryngology, FES has been debated as an innovative treatment in the management of patients with laryngeal paralysis. Numerous studies in acute and chronic animal models have demonstrated that FES restores mobility of the paralyzed laryngeal muscles [1][2][3][4][5]. In recent study, FES to the paralyzed posterior cricoarytenoid muscles of human larynx have induced vocal fold abduction and restored ventilation through the glottis in case of bilateral laryngeal paralysis [6].…”