Long-Term in Vitro Corrosion of Biodegradable WE43 Magnesium Alloy in DMEM

Nachtsheim, Julia; Burja, Jaka; Ma, Songyun; Markert, Bernd

doi:10.3390/met12122062

Cited by 14 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…In contrast, on the WE43 surface, the O content was similar to that on the ZK30 surface; nevertheless, Ca and P were noticed on the WE43 surface, whereas they were not detected on the ZK30 surface. This implied that Ca/P compounds (e.g., Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 and Ca(OH) 2 ) were produced as corrosion products on the WE43 surface and acted as insoluble protective corrosion products, thereby enhancing the corrosion resistance of WE43 30 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This implied that Ca/P compounds (e.g., Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 and Ca(OH) 2 ) were produced as corrosion products on the WE43 surface and acted as insoluble protective corrosion products, thereby enhancing the corrosion resistance of WE43. 30 Surface morphologies of the Mg alloys after the corrosion tests were investigated using SEM. On the ZK30 surface, large amounts of corrosion products were formed, and product structures such as brucite (Mg hydroxide crystals) with leaflets were observed (Figure 4B, inset image).…”

Section: Corrosion Behaviors Of the Mg Alloysmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fluoride‐treated rare earth‐free magnesium alloy ZK30: An inert and bioresorbable material for bone fracture treatment devices

Watanabe,

Xu,

Uno

et al. 2024

J Biomedical Materials Res

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Bone fractures represent a common health problem, particularly in an increasingly aging population. Bioresorbable magnesium (Mg) alloy‐based implants offer promising alternatives to traditional metallic implants for the treatment of bone fractures because they eliminate the need for implant removal after healing. The Mg‐Y‐rare‐earth (RE)‐Zr alloy WE43, designed for orthopedic implants, has received European Conformity mark approval. However, currently, WE43 is not clinically used in certain countries possibly because of concerns related to RE metals. In this study, we investigated the use of a RE‐free alloy, namely, Mg‐Zn‐Zr alloy (ZK30), as an implant for bone fractures. Hydrofluoric acid (HF) treatment was performed to improve the corrosion resistance of ZK30. HF‐treated ZK30 (HF‐ZK30) exhibited lower corrosion rate and higher biocompatibility than those of WE43 in in vitro experiments. After implanting a rod of HF‐ZK30 into the fractured femoral bones of mice, HF‐ZK30 held the bones and healed the fracture without deformation. Treatment results of HF‐ZK30 were comparable to those of WE43, indicating the potential of HF‐ZK30 as a bioresorbable and safe implant for bone repair.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Corrosion Behaviors Of the Mg Alloysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluoride‐treated rare earth‐free magnesium alloy ZK30: An inert and bioresorbable material for bone fracture treatment devices

Watanabe,

Xu,

Uno

et al. 2024

J Biomedical Materials Res

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“…The corrosion behavior of magnesium alloys is affected by various factors, including the composition of the materials and environments [10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. When Mg alloys are exposed to aqueous environments, various anions present in the aqueous environments can lead to the formation of surface films with various thicknesses, morphologies and chemical compositions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion Behavior of the AZ31 Mg Alloy in Neutral Aqueous Solutions Containing Various Anions

Kwon

Pham

Song

et al. 2023

Metals

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This work demonstrates the corrosion behavior of the AZ31 Mg alloy as a function of an immersion time of 48 h in 0.1 M HCl, H2SO4, H3PO4 and HF solutions, in which pH was adjusted to 6 to exclude the contribution of hydrogen ions (H+) and hydroxide ions (OH−). In situ observations, open circuit potential (OCP), weight changes and AC impedance measurements were performed with an immersion time of 48 h and the morphologies and chemical compositions of the surface products after 48 h of immersion were analyzed by SEM, EDS and XPS. In the chloride ion (Cl−)-containing solution, the corrosion of the AZ31 Mg alloy initiated locally and propagated discontinuously over the surface with immersion time. The OCP value of the AZ31 Mg alloy showed an initial increase from −1.51 VAg/AgCl to −1.47 VAg/AgCl after about 5 h of immersion and then a decrease to −1.51 VAg/AgCl due to corrosion initiation. In the F−-containing solution, after 48 h of immersion, the OCP showed an extremely large value of −0.6 VAg/AgCl, while the relatively lower values of −1.52 VAg/AgCl, −1.59 VAg/AgCl were seen in the solutions containing SO42− and PO43, respectively. In the sulfate ion (SO42−)-containing neutral aqueous solution, needle-like surface films were formed and there were no changes in the weight of the AZ31 Mg alloy with immersion time. In the phosphate ion (PO43−)-containing neutral aqueous solution, a vigorous gas evolution occurred, together with the formation of black surface films with cracks, and a high corrosion rate of −13.8018 × 10−3 g·cm−2·day−1 was obtained. In the fluoride ion (F−)-containing neutral aqueous solution, a surface film with crystalline grains of MgF2 was formed and the weight of the AZ31 Mg alloy increased continuously with immersion time. In conclusion, the corrosion of the AZ31 Mg alloy occurred uniformly in neutral phosphate solution but locally in chloride solution. No corrosion was observed in either the neutral sulfate or fluoride solutions.

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In vitro degradation behavior of grain refined WE43 magnesium alloy for biodegradable temporary implant applications

Vardhan,

Sharma

2024

Materialwissenschaft Werkst

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In the present work, grain‐refined WE43 magnesium alloy was produced by friction stir processing to investigate the in vitro degradation behavior targeted for temporary bone implant applications. Friction stir processing resulted in significant grain refinement (from 46±4.2 μm to 16.1±5.4 μm) as observed from microstructural studies. Increased wettability was observed from the contact angle measurements in grain‐refined WE43 alloy. The corrosion behavior of the base alloy and the grain refined alloy assessed by potentiodynamic polarization tests demonstrated the influence of the smaller grain size and decreased intermetallics on enhancing corrosion resistance. Immersion studies carried out in simulated body fluids for one week indicated a quick development of the protective magnesium hydroxide on the surface of grain‐refined WE43 alloy compared with the base alloy. The deposition of the mineral phases from the immersed solution on the surface of the samples was studied by scanning electron microscopy and x‐ray diffraction analysis to assess the effect of microstructure on the biomineralization. Promisingly, grain refined WE43 exhibited relatively excellent mineral deposition which further helped to control the degradation of the alloy. The weight loss measurements of the samples from the immersion tests were also in good agreement with the electrochemical test results. Hence, the results demonstrate the promising role of grain refinement by friction stir processing in tailoring WE43 magnesium alloy with better degradation behavior for temporary bone implant applications.

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Long-Term in Vitro Corrosion of Biodegradable WE43 Magnesium Alloy in DMEM

Cited by 14 publications

References 42 publications

Fluoride‐treated rare earth‐free magnesium alloy ZK30: An inert and bioresorbable material for bone fracture treatment devices

Fluoride‐treated rare earth‐free magnesium alloy ZK30: An inert and bioresorbable material for bone fracture treatment devices

Corrosion Behavior of the AZ31 Mg Alloy in Neutral Aqueous Solutions Containing Various Anions

In vitro degradation behavior of grain refined WE43 magnesium alloy for biodegradable temporary implant applications

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