Long-term investigation of environmental radioactivity levels and public health around the Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant, China

Cao, Yong; Jiang, Lin; Zhai, Kangle; Jiang, Wei; Zou, Hua; Ren, Hong; Wang, Peng; Gao, Xiangjing; Zhang, Meibian; Yu, Shen; Zhao, Yongxin; Xuan, Zhiqiang; Zhang, Dongxia; Liu, Yulian; Lou, Xiaoming

doi:10.1038/s41598-022-09091-2

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Compared to the reported gross α and β radioactivity concentrations in tap waters collected from the surroundings of NPPs in other six provinces (Jiangsu, Shandong, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, and Liaoning) in China, the levels of gross α and gross β radioactivity in Sanmen tap water were relatively low (see Table 3 ) ( 30 ). The result of this study is consistent with the survey of the Qinshan NPP from 2012 to 2020 ( 31 ), confirming the drinking water gross α and gross β radioactivity in Zhejiang Province is still at the background level.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…As shown in Table 10 , for all cancers combined, a total of 815 new cases were recorded for the residents around SNPP from 2014 to 2021, with a crude incidence of 428.22/100,000, including 438.73/100,000 in males and 416.68/100,000 in females, respectively. This consistent with the incidence rate of inhabitants living around Qinshan NPP ( 31 ). The ASIRC of both sexes range from 378.80/100,000 to 498.04/100,000, and the ASIRW of both sexes range from 247.08/100,000 to 302.80/100,000.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…The results are consistent with the reported value (1.040 ± 0.044 mSv) in the neighboring Ninghai county, which were carried out prior to the operation of SNPP to monitoring the background radiation levels (32). The average CAD around Qinshan NPP reported by Cao (31) and Liu (33), i.e., 0.332 and 0.53 mSv, respectively, are also comparable to the investigation results of this study.…”

Section: Cumulative Ambient Dosesupporting

confidence: 90%

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Assessment of radiation exposure and public health before and after the operation of Sanmen nuclear power plant

Ren

Yu²,

Wang³

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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IntroductionSanmen nuclear power plant (SNPP) operates the first advanced passive (AP1000) nuclear power unit in China.MethodsTo assess the radiological impacts of SNPP operation on the surrounding environment and the public health, annual effective dose (AED) and excess risk (ER) were estimated based on continuous radioactivity monitoring in drinking water and ambient dose before and after its operation during 2014–2021. In addition, the residents' cancer incidence was further analyzed through authorized health data collection.ResultsThe results showed that the gross α and gross β radioactivity in all types of drinking water were ranged from 0.008 to 0.017 Bq/L and 0.032 to 0.112 Bq/L, respectively. The cumulative ambient dose in Sanmen county ranged from 0.254 to 0.460 mSv/y, with an average of 0.354 ± 0.075 mSv/y. There is no statistical difference in drinking water radioactivity and ambient dose before and after the operation of SNPP according to Mann–Whitney U test. The Mann-Kendall test also indicates there is neither increasing nor decreasing trend during the period from 2014 to 2021. The age-dependent annual effective doses due to the ingestion of drinking water or exposure to the outdoor ambient environment are lower than the recommended threshold of 0.1 mSv/y. The incidence of cancer (include leukemia and thyroid cancer) in the population around SNPP is slightly higher than that in other areas, while it is still in a stable state characterized by annual percentage changes.DiscussionThe current comprehensive results show that the operation of SNPP has so far no evident radiological impact on the surrounding environment and public health, but continued monitoring is still needed in the future.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Cumulative Ambient Dosesupporting

confidence: 90%

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Assessment of radiation exposure and public health before and after the operation of Sanmen nuclear power plant

Ren

Yu²,

Wang³

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

Self Cite

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“…Additionally, workers in a number of occupations such as medical professionals, miners (particularly uranium miners), nuclear power plant workers, and aircrew members, are exposed to IR (CAREX Canada 2021 ). Exposures are also received by those who reside near nuclear power plants, although these exposures are generally regarded as being low (Cao et al 2022 ; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-dose ionizing radiation and adverse birth outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Frangione

Hinton

Villeneuve

2022

Int Arch Occup Environ Health

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Objective Ionizing radiation is a human carcinogen, and there is evidence that exposure to low-dose ionizing radiation increases the risk of adverse birth outcomes. Methods We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis to synthesize the research of maternal and paternal exposure to low-dose radiation on low birth weight, miscarriage, pre-term delivery, and stillbirth. Our literature search used four databases (PubMed, Environmental Index, GeoBASE, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature). We included study populations exposed to occupational and medical sources of radiation, nuclear disasters, and those living near nuclear power plants. We considered papers published between January 1st, 1990, and June 30th, 2021. The quality of the studies was assessed, and we performed meta-analysis using random effects models to generate summary measures of association. Forest plots were created to assess the heterogeneity in these measures, and funnel plots were used to assess publication bias. Results Overall, 26 studies were identified, and these yielded measures of association from 10, 11, and 8 studies for low birth weight, miscarriage, and stillbirth outcomes, respectively. It was not possible to perform meta-analyses for pre-term delivery due to a small number of studies. The meta-analysis summary relative risk (RR) of having a low-birth-weight infant among those ever exposed to radiation relative to those unexposed, after adjusting for publication bias, was 1.29 (95% CI 0.97–1.73). The corresponding risk estimates for miscarriage and stillbirth were 1.15 (95% CI 1.02–1.30), and 1.19 (95% CI 0.98–1.45), respectively. Conclusions Our findings suggest that ionizing radiation increases the risk of adverse birth outcomes. Future work should strive to provide data needed to better understand the shape of the exposure–response curve.

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“…Natural radioactive gases, such as the isotopes of radon ( 222 Rn and 220 Rn) and the anthropogenic radionuclides coming from fission products (Xe and 85 Kr isotopes) and activation products ( 3 H and 37 Ar), need to be carefully monitored. For example, isotopes such as 85 Kr and 3 H, which originate from nuclear power plants, reprocessing plants and nuclear waste treatments, [1][2][3][4][5] are critical to detect for monitoring nuclear activity and providing feedback to the national or international authorities to evaluate the nuclear environmental impact. Precise detection of 85 Kr variation concentration in air can also play a crucial role in detecting illegal reprocessing of nuclear fuel to produce plutonium for weapons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient radioactive gas detection by porous metal-organic framework scintillating nanocrystals.

Orfano

Perego

Cova

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Natural radioactive gases and anthropogenic radionuclides such as radon, xenon, hydrogen and krypton isotopes, need to be carefully monitored to be properly managed as pathogenic agents, radioactive diagnostic agents or indicators of nuclear activity. State-of-the-art gas detectors based on liquid scintillators suffer from many drawbacks such as lengthy sample preparation procedures and limited solubility of gaseous radionuclides, which produces a detrimental effect on measurement sensitivity. A potential breakthrough solution to this problem is using solid porous scintillators that act as gas concentrators and, therefore, could increase detection sensitivity. Highly porous scintillating metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) stand out as relevant materials for the realization of these devices. We demonstrate the capability of porous hafnium-based MOF nanocrystals exploiting dicarboxy-9,10-diphenylanthracene (DPA) as a scintillating conjugated ligand to detect gas radionuclides. The nanocrystals show fast scintillation properties in the nanosecond domain, a fluorescence quantum yield of ~40% and an accessible porosity suitable to host noble gas atoms and ions. The adsorption and detection of radionuclides such as 85Kr, 222Rn and 3H have been explored for these MOFs utilising a newly developed device based on a time coincidence technique. MOF nanocrystals demonstrate an improved sensitivity for these radionuclides compared to a reference detector, showing an excellent linear response down to an activity value lower than 1 kBq·m-3 that outperforms commercial devices. These results strongly support the possible use of scintillating porous MOF nanocrystals as the building block of ultrasensitive sensors for detecting natural and anthropogenic radioactive gases.

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Long-term investigation of environmental radioactivity levels and public health around the Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant, China

Cited by 12 publications

References 38 publications

Assessment of radiation exposure and public health before and after the operation of Sanmen nuclear power plant

Assessment of radiation exposure and public health before and after the operation of Sanmen nuclear power plant

Low-dose ionizing radiation and adverse birth outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Efficient radioactive gas detection by porous metal-organic framework scintillating nanocrystals.

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