Long‐Term Liming Effects on Coastal Plain Soils and Crops

Abstract

quirement, but crops, acidic fertilizers, and nutrient removal are factors. Most soils in the southern Coastal Plain need liming; however, Subsoil acidity and infertility and their effects on plant long-term data are needed on its value and changes in soil profile pH, Ca, or Mg. Field studies with lime rates have been maintained growth, development, and yield have been researched on a Tifton soil (Plinthic Kandiudult) for 31 yr and on Pelham soil in numerous studies, which are well reviewed (Adams, (Arenic Paleaquult) for 24 yr to determine soil chemical changes, rates 1984; Sumner, 1994). Detrimental plant effects from subneeded for high yields, and if yield of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) soil acidity vary with crop, rooting depth, and tolerance on low-pH soils can be increased by Ca or Mg fertilization. Total of high concentrations of soluble Al or Mn. Adams et al. amounts [calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) equivalent] of dolomitic lime (1967) found that cotton yields were reduced by about were 0, 7.5, 15.0, and 30.0 Mg ha Ϫ1 for Tifton and 0, 11.7, and 34.0 Mg one-third when roots were restricted to the Ap horizon ha Ϫ1 for the Pelham. Liming increased pH, Ca, and Mg to a depth of a Greenville fine sandy loam (Rhodic Paleudult) beof 90 cm. Decreases in pH, Ca, and Mg were closely related to the cause of strongly acid subsoil. However, peanut yields amount of ammoniacal N (NH 4 -N) applied. Application of 15 Mg ha Ϫ1 dolomitic lime on the Tifton soil for 31 yr and 34 Mg ha Ϫ1 on and rooting depth were not affected by the same subsoil the Pelham soil for 24 yr maintained surface soil (0-15 cm) pH near acidity that limited cotton yield and rooting depth. 6.0 and provided greatest crop yield. In no-lime plots, in 2000, ex-Studies have been conducted to incorporate lime at changeable Al (0-45 cm depth) was Ͼ0.3 cmol c kg Ϫ1 , and Al saturation various depths to modify subsoils. Pearson et al. (1973) was Ͼ15% of the effective cation exchange capacity on Tifton soil greatly increased cotton root elongation and mass in a and Ͼ20% on Pelham soil. In those plots, low cotton yields were not growth chamber experiment when subsoils were mixed increased by fertilization with Ca or Mg salts without liming. Providing with lime. Doss et al. (1979), in a field study, concluded 5.25 and 14 kg lime kg Ϫ1 N for the Tifton and Pelham soils, respecthat incorporating lime to a 30-cm depth was sufficient tively, decreased soil Al saturation to Ͻ7%.to obtain a satisfactory root system for high-yielding cotton and corn. In their study, soil pH, over periods of 1 and 2 yr, was affected little below where the lime was

Soil acidity, liming and soybean performance under no-till

“…The liming residual effect varies according to the soil acidity level, rate and type of lime, soil type, management of acidic fertilizers, and cropping systems (Oliveira & Pavan, 1996;Gascho & Parker, 2001;Conyers et al, 2003;Caires et al, 2005 , and Mg 2+ contents was observed nine years after surface lime application compared with the liming initial effect. Azevedo et al (1996) found that soil pH and exchangeable Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ contents remained high, and the exchangeable Al 3+ level was low, for over 23 years after liming on a clayey soil with high organic matter content.…”

“…Surface liming ameliorates topsoil acidity in a relatively short term, but is generally slow in ame-liorating subsoil acidity, particularly in variable charge soils (Ernani et al, 2004). The movement of lime to greater depths varies according to the timing and rate of liming, soil type, surface soil pH, weather conditions, management of acidic fertilizers, and cropping systems (Oliveira & Pavan, 1996;Gascho & Parker, 2001;Conyers et al, 2003;Ernani et al, 2004;Alleoni et al, 2005;Caires et al, 2005).…”

Surface application of lime ameliorates subsoil acidity and improves root growth and yield of wheat in an acid soil under no-till system

“…Since the lime reaction is generally limited to the layer it was applied, acidity at the subsurface layers, in case of toxic levels of aluminum and/or calcium deficiency, can compromise root penetration and plant nutrition. Results of field studies show that the movement of lime to depth varies according to timing and rates of liming, lime application forms, soil type, weather conditions, addition of acidic fertilizers, and cropping systems (Oliveira & Pavan, 1996;Caires et al, 2000;Rheinheimer et al, 2000;Gascho & Parker, 2001;Conyers et al, 2003;Pires et al, 2003;Tang et al, 2003).…”

pH, CONDUTIVIDADE ELÉTRICA E POTÁSSIO DO SOLO APÓS TRÊS ANOS DE APLICAÇÕES DE NITROGÊNIO E POTÁSSIO EM AMEIXEIRA, NO MUNICÍPIO DE ARAUCÁRIA – PR

“…Em longo prazo já foram observados que aplicações bianuais de pequenas doses de corretivo em superfície possibilita a manutenção desse pH corrigido, mesmo em profundidade (Motta et al, 2004), fato constatado em pastagens (Brown et al, 1956), em fruticultura (Smith, 1996) e em plantio direto e convencional (Gascho & Parker, 2001).…”