Long-term, low-dose of clarithromycin as a cause of community-acquired Clostridium difficile infection in a 5-year-old boy

Namiki, Hirofumi; Kobayashi, Tadashi

doi:10.1093/omcr/omx106

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Risk factors may include increasing outpatient antibiotic prescriptions, acid-suppression medications, asymptomatic carriers in the community, and food or water contamination [135]. A sub-group analysis of a population-based epidemiological study of CDI in Olmsted County, Minnesota in 1991–2005 [136], identified 157 CA-CDI cases (75% women), with a median age of 50 years.…”

Section: Risk Factors For Community-acquired C Difficile Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

2019 update of the WSES guidelines for management of Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile infection in surgical patients

et al. 2019

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In the last three decades, Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) has increased in incidence and severity in many countries worldwide. The increase in CDI incidence has been particularly apparent among surgical patients. Therefore, prevention of CDI and optimization of management in the surgical patient are paramount. An international multidisciplinary panel of experts from the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) updated its guidelines for management of CDI in surgical patients according to the most recent available literature. The update includes recent changes introduced in the management of this infection.

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Section: Risk Factors For Community-acquired C Difficile Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

2019 update of the WSES guidelines for management of Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile infection in surgical patients

et al. 2019

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“…Clindamycin, cephalosporins, and fluoroquinolones are considered as major antibiotics associated with CDI [ 6 ]. Food or water contamination, gastric acid-suppression, and asymptomatic carriage in the community are the potential risk factors of community acquired CDI [ 7 ]. One-third of the total CDI burden occurring in the USA in 2011 was community-associated [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrospective Definition of Clostridioides difficile PCR Ribotypes on the Basis of Whole Genome Polymorphisms: A Proof of Principle Study

Goyal¹,

Hauben²,

Pouseele

et al. 2020

Diagnostics

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Clostridioides difficile is a cause of health care-associated infections. The epidemiological study of C. difficile infection (CDI) traditionally involves PCR ribotyping. However, ribotyping will be increasingly replaced by whole genome sequencing (WGS). This implies that WGS types need correlation with classical ribotypes (RTs) in order to perform retrospective clinical studies. Here, we selected genomes of hyper-virulent C. difficile strains of RT001, RT017, RT027, RT078, and RT106 to try and identify new discriminatory markers using in silico ribotyping PCR and De Bruijn graph-based Genome Wide Association Studies (DBGWAS). First, in silico ribotyping PCR was performed using reference primer sequences and 30 C. difficile genomes of the five different RTs identified above. Second, discriminatory genomic markers were sought with DBGWAS using a set of 160 independent C. difficile genomes (14 ribotypes). RT-specific genetic polymorphisms were annotated and validated for their specificity and sensitivity against a larger dataset of 2425 C. difficile genomes covering 132 different RTs. In silico PCR ribotyping was unsuccessful due to non-specific or missing theoretical RT PCR fragments. More successfully, DBGWAS discovered a total of 47 new markers (13 in RT017, 12 in RT078, 9 in RT106, 7 in RT027, and 6 in RT001) with minimum q-values of 0 to 7.40 × 10−5, indicating excellent marker selectivity. The specificity and sensitivity of individual markers ranged between 0.92 and 1.0 but increased to 1 by combining two markers, hence providing undisputed RT identification based on a single genome sequence. Markers were scattered throughout the C. difficile genome in intra- and intergenic regions. We propose here a set of new genomic polymorphisms that efficiently identify five hyper-virulent RTs utilizing WGS data only. Further studies need to show whether this initial proof-of-principle observation can be extended to all 600 existing RTs.

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Clarithromycin

2020

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Long-term, low-dose of clarithromycin as a cause of community-acquired Clostridium difficile infection in a 5-year-old boy

Cited by 3 publications

References 8 publications

2019 update of the WSES guidelines for management of Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile infection in surgical patients

2019 update of the WSES guidelines for management of Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile infection in surgical patients

Retrospective Definition of Clostridioides difficile PCR Ribotypes on the Basis of Whole Genome Polymorphisms: A Proof of Principle Study

Clarithromycin

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