Long-term maintenance requirements of the riparian isopod, Lirceus sp.

Iyengar, Erika V.; Schwartz, Chad I.; Davidson, Allison

doi:10.1007/s10750-017-3239-7

Cited by 5 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…A. aquaticus , Adcock, 1979), potentially contributing to the background mortality seen in this and other studies (e.g. Iyengar et al., 2017).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…Most isopods live only 1 or 2 years (e.g. Iyengar et al., 2017), although some may live more than 1 year to produce the next generation (e.g. A. aquaticus , Adcock, 1979), potentially contributing to the background mortality seen in this and other studies (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Alternatively, background mortality may be largely attributed to isopods reaching the end of their lifespan in these comparatively long experiments (e.g. Iyengar et al., 2017), particularly as large individuals were prioritised for collection. Most isopods live only 1 or 2 years (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Buckets were then placed into a rectangular fibreglass tank (1.2 × 2.05 m) which was filled with conditioned tap water. As long‐term maintenance of adult isopods has been more successful at lower temperatures (Iyengar et al., 2017), and P. palustris is a cool‐water Gondwanan species (Gouws & Stewart, 2007; Wilson & Keable, 2002) that survives better at cooler temperatures (pilot data, 14 vs. 25°C, Figure S2), we maintained water temperature at 15.5 ± 1°C using a chiller (Teco TK 500 Chiller) and air temperature at 18°C using an air conditioner. A pump in the main tank drew water into the chiller (with a UV filter to reduce biofilm growth) which was then distributed to the microcosms via aquarium tubing and manifolds that supplied each microcosm with a dripper.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A mat made from Phragmites australis stems was used to shade the tanks as isopods exhibited stress responses to light. Stress responses included continual circling around the perimeter of the microcosm, a response that has been observed to be associated with limited feeding in another isopod (Lirceus sp., Iyengar et al, 2017).…”

Section: Field Sampling and Maintenance Of P Palustris In Laboratory ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Responses to desiccation vary among populations of an endemic freshwater isopod,Paramphisopus palustris

Emery‐Butcher,

Beatty,

Robson

2023

Freshwater Biology

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Isopods play many important roles within freshwater ecosystems (including as shredders, prey, and detritivores), yet we know little about their responses to disturbance or whether they vary among populations. In a region undergoing severe climatic drying that is changing hydrological regimes in wetlands, we compared responses to drying (including survival) among populations of an endemic isopod Paramphisopus palustris (Amphisopidae). The survival of individuals from four isopod populations (two each from seasonal and semi‐perennial wetlands) were tested in a drying experiment with three treatments: control (permanently inundated), saturated sediment (water level maintained equal with the sediment surface), and dry (microcosms gradually raised out of the water causing sediments to dry out). Microrefuge use (three levels: no response, sought shelter or sought shelter/burrowed) was also compared among populations. As expected, isopod mortality was highest in the dry treatment for all populations. Unexpectedly, isopods from the two semi‐perennial wetlands showed higher survival in response to drying than those from seasonal wetlands. All isopods showed dormancy in response to the dry treatment and curled their bodies to limit water loss from their ventral gills. Microrefuge use differed among populations but not between the two hydroregimes. However, there was some similarity in population responses according to genetic clade. Isopods displayed some resistance to drying through dormancy behaviour and seeking microrefuges, which will increase population persistence under a drying climate. However, the reduced survival of individuals from seasonal wetland populations suggests that surviving in these wetlands is more challenging than in semi‐perennial or perennial regimes. These challenges are likely to be exacerbated as climate change further decreases hydroperiods and limits the availability of damp microrefuges. Consequently, longer‐term population persistence may be challenged as more wetlands become seasonal. The responses of endemic species are not always correctly predicted from knowledge of more widespread and commonly studied species and our results suggest that there may be variation among populations. Although P. palustris showed some innate responses to drying, their long‐term persistence (and that of other endemic species) may be threatened as environmental conditions become more extreme.

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“…A. aquaticus , Adcock, 1979), potentially contributing to the background mortality seen in this and other studies (e.g. Iyengar et al., 2017).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Field Sampling and Maintenance Of P Palustris In Laboratory ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Responses to desiccation vary among populations of an endemic freshwater isopod,Paramphisopus palustris

Emery‐Butcher,

Beatty,

Robson

2023

Freshwater Biology

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Long‐term differences in population structure, body size and distribution patterns of amphipods and isopods in wetlands with declining hydroperiods

Emery‐Butcher,

Beatty,

Robson

2024

Freshwater Biology

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In many regions, climatic drying is shortening hydroperiods and freshwater biodiversity is declining. Aquatic species that lack a desiccation‐resistant life stage are predicted to have the least ability to persist in drying climates, yet such species may occur in intermittent waterbodies. We examined the distribution of two crustacean species that lack desiccation‐resistant life stages: the isopod Paramphisopus palustris and amphipod Chiltoniidae sp.nov., before and after the commencement of severe climatic drying in Swan Coastal Plain wetlands, south‐western Australia. Historical distribution data for these species were obtained from studies of the same set of wetlands in 1989–1990. We determined whether population or body size differed between hydrological regimes (perennial, semi‐perennial, seasonal) between 1989–1990 and 2018–2019 for both species. Amphipods, isopods and environmental variables were sampled from 42 wetlands in 2018–2019. Thirty‐three wetlands (22 perennial, 11 seasonal) persisted with the same hydrological regime in both time periods and eight wetlands that were perennial in 1989–1990 had shifted to a drier hydrological regime (four became semi‐perennial, four became seasonal) by 2018–2019. Drying wetland hydrological regimes did not correspond to more limited spatial distributions for either species. Hydrological regime had no effect on amphipod counts, although abundances were lower in 2018–2019 than 1989–1990. In 2018–2019, male amphipods were larger than females in seasonal wetlands, but sexes were the same size in perennial wetlands and females were larger than males in semi‐perennial wetlands. Furthermore, amphipods of both sexes were considerably smaller in semi‐perennial than seasonal or perennial wetlands. Isopod distributions differed between the two sampling periods, with populations primarily lost from wetlands that remained perennial. This unexpected result was likely caused by prolonged periods of high summer–autumn water temperatures and stratification in shallow perennial wetlands that caused anoxia in bottom waters and made surface waters excessively hot for isopods. By contrast, drying seasonal wetlands seemingly offered suitable habitat in summer–autumn. Mean isopod head and body length did not differ between hydrological regimes or sexes, but became smaller between 1989–1990 and 2018–2019 (15 mm average body length in 1989 vs. 8.3 mm in 2018–2019; 17 mm maximum size in 1989–1990 vs. 13.2 mm in 2018–2019). The absence of population losses associated with drying hydrological regimes indicates that the current level of drying is within the tolerance range of both species. However, increased temperatures may be causing body size (and possibly fecundity) to decline for isopods. As global warming continues to shorten wetland hydroperiods in many regions, numerous species will struggle to complete their life cycles, leading to extirpation. Our findings suggest that climate change may also cause conditions in perennial wetlands to exceed the tolerances of species that lack desiccation resistance traits. This emphasises the need to better understand both environmental and habitat changes along the drying trajectory in wetlands and the fundamental life‐history and physiological traits that enable the survival of aquatic invertebrates that lack desiccation resistance. This includes not only species responses to drying, but also responses to other stressors (e.g., prolonged stratification) caused by global warming.

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A practical guide for the husbandry of cave and surface invertebrates as the first step in establishing new model organisms

Lukić,

Jovović,

Bedek

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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While extensive research on traditional model species has significantly advanced the biological sciences, the ongoing search for new model organisms is essential to tackle contemporary challenges such as human diseases or climate change, and fundamental phenomena including adaptation or speciation. Recent methodological advances such as next-generation sequencing, gene editing, and imaging are widely applicable and have simplified the selection of species with specific traits from the wild. However, a critical milestone in this endeavor remains the successful cultivation of selected species. A historically overlooked but increasingly recognized group of non-model organisms are cave dwellers. These unique animals offer invaluable insights into the genetic basis of human diseases like eye degeneration, metabolic and neurological disorders, and basic evolutionary principles and the origin of adaptive phenotypes. However, to take advantage of the beneficial traits of cave-dwelling animals, laboratory cultures must be established—a practice that remains extremely rare except for the cavefish Astyanax mexicanus. For most cave-dwelling organisms, there are no published culturing protocols. In this study, we present the results of our multi-year effort to establish laboratory cultures for a variety of invertebrate groups. We have developed comprehensive protocols for housing, feeding, and husbandry of cave dwellers and their surface relatives. Our recommendations are versatile and can be applied to a wide range of species. Hopefully our efforts will facilitate the establishment of new laboratory animal facilities for cave-dwelling organisms and encourage their greater use in experimental biology.

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Long-term maintenance requirements of the riparian isopod, Lirceus sp.

Cited by 5 publications

References 27 publications

Responses to desiccation vary among populations of an endemic freshwater isopod,Paramphisopus palustris

Responses to desiccation vary among populations of an endemic freshwater isopod,Paramphisopus palustris

Long‐term differences in population structure, body size and distribution patterns of amphipods and isopods in wetlands with declining hydroperiods

A practical guide for the husbandry of cave and surface invertebrates as the first step in establishing new model organisms

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