Long-Term Metabolic Effects of High Birth Weight: A Critical Review of the Literature

Palatianou, Maria; Simos, Yannis V.; Andronikou, Styliani; Kiortsis, Dimitrios N.

doi:10.1055/s-0034-1395561

Cited by 59 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Palatilanou et al . reported, instead, that individuals born with HBW had an increased risk of being obese in later life, being affected by diseases of the heart and circulation, but were not at an increased risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus [33]. Our finding that HBW men more frequently reported a BMI value suggestive for NIH class ≥1 obesity is thus in accord with previous reports.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Low Birth Weight Is Associated with a Decreased Overall Adult Health Status and Reproductive Capability – Results of a Cross-Sectional Study in Primary Infertile Patients

et al. 2016

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Individuals born with low birth weight (LBW) risk cardiometabolic complications later in life. However the impact of LBW on general health status and male reproductive function has been scantly analysed. We investigated the clinical and seminal impact of different birth weights (BW) in white-European men presenting for primary couple’s infertility. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data from 827 primary infertile men were compared with those of 373 consecutive fertile men. Patients with BW ≤2500, 2500–4200, and ≥4200gr were classified as having LBW, normal (NBW), and high BW (HBW), respectively. Health-significant comorbidities were scored with the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). Testicular volume was assessed with a Prader orchidometer. Semen analysis values were assessed based on 2010 WHO reference criteria. Descriptive statistics and regression models tested associations between semen parameters, clinical characteristics and BW categories. LBW, NBW and HBW were found in 71 (8.6%), 651 (78.7%) and 105 (12.7%) infertile men, respectively. LBW was more frequent in infertile patients than fertile men (p = 0.002). Infertile patients with LBW had a higher rate of comorbidities (p = 0.003), lower mean testicular volume (p = 0.007), higher FSH (p = 0.02) and lower tT levels (p = 0.04) compared to other BW groups. Higher rates of asthenozoospermia (p = 0.02) and teratozoospermia (p = 0.03) were also found in LBW men. At logistic regression models, LBW was univariably associated with pathologic progressive motility (p≤0.02) and pathologic sperm morphology (p<0.005). At multivariable logistic regression analysis, LBW achieved independent predictor status for both lower sperm motility and pathologic sperm morphology (all p≤0.04). Only LBW independently predicted higher CCI values (p<0.001). In conclusion, we found that LBW was more frequent in infertile than in fertile men. Infertile individuals with LBW showed a higher rate of comorbidities and significantly worse clinical, endocrine and semen parameters compared to other BW groups.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Low Birth Weight Is Associated with a Decreased Overall Adult Health Status and Reproductive Capability – Results of a Cross-Sectional Study in Primary Infertile Patients

et al. 2016

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“…Maternal hyperglycemia and increased glucose transport capacity (Acosta et al 2015) in obesity with GDM are factors believed to promote placental glucose transfer, causing fetal hyperinsulinemia and increased fetal growth (Palatianou et al 2014; Desoye and van Poppel 2015). These changes are also likely to represent the underpinnings of hypoglycemia/hyperinsulinemia at birth in infants of obese mothers (Desoye and van Poppel 2015; Palatianou et al 2014).…”

Section: Obstetric Complications Associated With Maternal Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of maternal obesity on placental function and fetal development

2017

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Obesity has reached epidemic proportions and pregnancies in obese mothers have increased risk for complications including gestational diabetes, hypertensive disorders, preterm birth and caesarian section. Children born to obese mothers are at increased risk of obesity and metabolic disease and are susceptible to develop neuropsychiatric and cognitive disorders. Changes in placental function not only play a critical role in the development of pregnancy complications but may also be involved in linking maternal obesity to long-term health risks in the infant. Maternal adipokines i.e., interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), leptin and adiponectin link maternal nutritional status and adipose tissue metabolism to placental function. Adipokines and metabolic hormones have direct impact on placental function by modulating placental nutrient transport. Nutrient delivery to the fetus is regulated by a complex interaction between insulin signaling, cytokine profile and insulin responsiveness, which is modulated by adiponectin and IL-1β. In addition, obese pregnant women are at risk for hypertension and preeclampsia with reduced placental vascularity and blood flow, which would restrict placental nutrient delivery to the developing fetus. These sometimes opposing signals regulating placental function may contribute to the diversity of short and long-term outcomes observed in pregnant obese women. This review focuses on the changes in adipokines and obesity-related metabolic hormones, how these factors influence placental function and fetal development to contribute to long-term metabolic and behavioral consequences of children born to obese mothers.

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“…However, due to the continuous increase, in the last two decades, of mean birth weight in several countries worldwide [9,10], it is expected that higher birth weight will play a more important role as a risk factor for further obesity [5,11,12] than low birth weight.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between weight at birth and body composition in childhood: A Brazilian cohort study

Pereira-Freire

Lemos

Sousa

et al. 2015

Early Human Development

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Long-Term Metabolic Effects of High Birth Weight: A Critical Review of the Literature

Cited by 59 publications

References 61 publications

Low Birth Weight Is Associated with a Decreased Overall Adult Health Status and Reproductive Capability – Results of a Cross-Sectional Study in Primary Infertile Patients

Low Birth Weight Is Associated with a Decreased Overall Adult Health Status and Reproductive Capability – Results of a Cross-Sectional Study in Primary Infertile Patients

Effects of maternal obesity on placental function and fetal development

Association between weight at birth and body composition in childhood: A Brazilian cohort study

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