Long-term Neuroendocrine Effects of Childhood Maltreatment

Sjöberg, Rickard L.

doi:10.1001/jama.284.18.2317

Cited by 60 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…ELS/CT can irreversibly disrupt vital central neurobiological systems during vulnerable human development periods and lead to sustainable alterations in stress regulation and psychophysiological reactivity (13,15,36,(52)(53)(54)(55)(56)(57)(58)(59)(61)(62)(63). Because of their pivotal role in the regulation of the dynamic stress response and perhaps also due to a historical focus on these two systems, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the locus ceruleus/autonomic nervous system (LC/ANS) have been more investigated and are considered more crucially affected by ELS/CT than other biological systems (64)(65)(66).…”

Section: The Human Stress Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The chronic dysregulation of the HPA axis is of vital importance in the pathophysiology of stress-related disorders. However, our understanding is hampered by complex and often conflicting relations between HPA axis markers and history of ELS/CT (i.e., findings on both increased and decreased HPA axis activity) (2,64), as well as the broad definition of ELS/CT (i.e., broad time window of 0-18 y.o.a.). For example, positive ELS/CT history has been repeatedly associated with HPA axis hyperactivity in adults patients with depression and anxiety, but also in healthy individuals [e.g., higher circulating cortisol levels, enhanced cortisol awakening response (CAR), increased adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol responses to psychosocial stress or endocrine challenges] (67)(68)(69)(70)(71)(72)(73)(74)(75).…”

Section: Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (Hpa) Axismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Developmental Trajectories of Early Life Stress and Trauma: A Narrative Review on Neurobiological Aspects Beyond Stress System Dysregulation

et al. 2019

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Early life stressors display a high universal prevalence and constitute a major public health problem. Prolonged psychoneurobiological alterations as sequelae of early life stress (ELS) could represent a developmental risk factor and mediate risk for disease, leading to higher physical and mental morbidity rates in later life. ELS could exert a programming effect on sensitive neuronal brain networks related to the stress response during critical periods of development and thus lead to enduring hyper- or hypo-activation of the stress system and altered glucocorticoid signaling. In addition, alterations in emotional and autonomic reactivity, circadian rhythm disruption, functional and structural changes in the brain, as well as immune and metabolic dysregulation have been lately identified as important risk factors for a chronically impaired homeostatic balance after ELS. Furthermore, human genetic background and epigenetic modifications through stress-related gene expression could interact with these alterations and explain inter-individual variation in vulnerability or resilience to stress. This narrative review presents relevant evidence from mainly human research on the ten most acknowledged neurobiological allostatic pathways exerting enduring adverse effects of ELS even decades later (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, autonomic nervous system, immune system and inflammation, oxidative stress, cardiovascular system, gut microbiome, sleep and circadian system, genetics, epigenetics, structural, and functional brain correlates). Although most findings back a causal relation between ELS and psychobiological maladjustment in later life, the precise developmental trajectories and their temporal coincidence has not been elucidated as yet. Future studies should prospectively investigate putative mediators and their temporal sequence, while considering the potentially delayed time-frame for their phenotypical expression. Better screening strategies for ELS are needed for a better individual prevention and treatment.

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Section: The Human Stress Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (Hpa) Axismentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental Trajectories of Early Life Stress and Trauma: A Narrative Review on Neurobiological Aspects Beyond Stress System Dysregulation

et al. 2019

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“…The impact of childhood experiences on the development of emotional behavior and their influence on psychopathology has received vigorous scientific support in the past decades (Heim et al, 1997, 2000; Bernet and Stein, 1999; Heim and Nemeroff, 2002; McEwen, 2003). However, studies that aim at correlating early life events to schizophrenia or to other psychopathologies are rather speculative and based on retrospective subjective reports.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neonatal stress-induced affective changes in adolescent Wistar rats: early signs of schizophrenia-like behavior

Girardi

Zanta

Suchecki

2014

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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Psychiatric disorders are multifactorial diseases with etiology that may involve genetic factors, early life environment and stressful life events. The neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia is based on a wealth of data on increased vulnerability in individuals exposed to insults during the perinatal period. Maternal deprivation (MD) disinhibits the adrenocortical response to stress in neonatal rats and has been used as an animal model of schizophrenia. To test if long-term affective consequences of early life stress were influenced by maternal presence, we submitted 10-day old rats, either deprived (for 22 h) or not from their dams, to a stress challenge (i.p. saline injection). Corticosterone plasma levels were measured 2 h after the challenge, whereas another subgroup was assessed for behavior in the open field, elevated plus maze (EPM), social investigation and the negative contrast sucrose consumption test in adolescence (postnatal day 45). Maternally deprived rats exhibited increased plasma corticosterone (CORT) levels which were higher in maternally deprived and stress challenged pups. Social investigation was impaired in maternally deprived rats only, while saline injection, independently of MD, was associated with increased anxiety-like behavior in the EPM and an impaired intake decrement in the negative sucrose contrast. In the open field, center exploration was reduced in all maternally-deprived adolescents and in control rats challenged with saline injection. The most striking finding was that exposure to a stressful stimulus per se, regardless of MD, was linked to differential emotional consequences. We therefore propose that besides being a well-known and validated model of schizophrenia in adult rats, the MD paradigm could be extended to model early signs of psychiatric dysfunction, and would particularly be a useful tool to detect early signs that resemble schizophrenia.

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“…Moreover, aberrant functional activity and connectivity have been reported in the medial frontal-amygdala circuit during the processing of contemptuous facial expressions (20), and aberrations have also been observed in ventrolateral prefrontal activity and its connectivity with the hippocampus during exposure to swear words in healthy adolescents who have been exposed to verbal abuse (21). An increase in corticotropin-releasing hormone levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of adults with a history of childhood abuse was reported (22), although this increase was not always associated with diseases such as posttraumatic stress disorder or major depressive disorder (23, 24).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Associations of Emotion Coping Appraisal With Both the Cue–Outcome Contingency and Perceived Verbal Abuse Exposure

2019

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Previous studies have reported an association between verbal abuse in early childhood and structural and functional alterations in the young adult brain, supporting the existence of critical periods in human brain development. In addition, exposure to verbal abuse in early childhood is strongly correlated with lifetime psychiatric illness. Resilience is defined as the ability to avoid the negative psychological, biological, and social consequences of stress that impair psychological and physical homeostasis and is used to cope with these psychiatric diseases. We attempted to explain the mediatable present function of resilience and its associations with several psychiatric disorders, with verbal abuse exposure in early childhood and with the present value of the readily measurable and conceptually connected generative Bayesian model parameter. Thirty-six subjects performed a cross-modal associative learning task requiring them to learn the predictive strength of auditory cues and predict a subsequent visual stimulus. The probability of the association changed across each trial block. Subjects’ responses were modeled as a hierarchical Bayesian belief-updating process using a hierarchical Gaussian filter (HGF) with three levels, a Sutton K1 model, and a Rescorla–Wagner model. Subjects completed the Korean version of the Verbal Abuse Questionnaire (VAQ) for segmented periods (aged 0 to 6, 7 to 12, and 13 to 18 years), and their positive self-appraisal was estimated using the Resilience Appraisal Scale (RAS). Random-effects Bayesian model selection identified HGF as the best model. Of the VAQ values for specific periods, only preschool VAQ scores were negatively correlated with RAS scores. The tonic volatility parameter, ω 2 , of HGF showed a negative relationship with RAS emotion coping scores. The linear regression model explained 18.3% of the variance of emotion coping appraisal with ω 2 and preschool VAQ scores. Based on the results obtained from young adults, decrease in emotion coping appraisal can be explained by an increase in the number of experiences of verbal abuse in early childhood and the increased tendency to update beliefs about the cue–outcome associative probability in a volatile environment.

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Long-term Neuroendocrine Effects of Childhood Maltreatment

Cited by 60 publications

References 7 publications

Developmental Trajectories of Early Life Stress and Trauma: A Narrative Review on Neurobiological Aspects Beyond Stress System Dysregulation

Developmental Trajectories of Early Life Stress and Trauma: A Narrative Review on Neurobiological Aspects Beyond Stress System Dysregulation

Neonatal stress-induced affective changes in adolescent Wistar rats: early signs of schizophrenia-like behavior

The Associations of Emotion Coping Appraisal With Both the Cue–Outcome Contingency and Perceived Verbal Abuse Exposure

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