Long-term occurrence of Trichuris species in wild ruminants in the Czech Republic

Abstract

The aim of this study was to identify Trichuris species in wild ruminants from 32 localities in the Czech Republic using morphological and molecular methods (ITS1-5.8S RNA-ITS2 region polymorphisms). Trichurids were obtained from 176 wild ruminants (roe deer, sika deer, red deer, fallow deer and mouflons) that were culled between 2009 and 2017. Trichuris discolor is the predominant trichurid of all of the above-mentioned wild ruminants, whereas Trichuris ovis was identified less frequently in roe deer, fallow deer, sika deer and mouflons. Red deer were parasitised exclusively by T. discolor. Young hosts under 1 year of age were more intensively infected by trichurids than were adults (χ = 32.02, p = 0.00). Trichurid prevalence results obtained through coprological methods and those based on parasitological dissections differed significantly (χ = 16.26, p = 0.00). The regression analysis indicated that the eggs per gram (EPG) threshold (20 EPG) was exceeded only if the host was parasitised by more than 7 trichurid females. Full concordance between the positive results obtained by the coprological methods and those obtained via direct dissections was achieved when the number of trichurid females per host exceeded 51.

Trichuris spp. in Animals, with Specific Reference to Neo-Tropical Rodents

“…found in ruminants (both domesticated and non-domesticated). Four Trichuris spp.-T. discolor, T. ovis, T. globulosa and T. skrjabini-have been identified as inhabiting the caecum and colon of ruminants [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45]. One of the major discoveries was the identification of T. globulosa and T. ovis as the same species by isoenzymes [35], using second, internally transcribed spacer ribosomal DNA (ITS2 rDNA) [38] and ITS1-5.8S-1TS2 [37].…”

“…Trichuris discolor has been identified in domestic ruminants with the use of molecular techniques; however, it was recently identified in wild ruminants, such as the roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), sika deer, (Cervus nippon), red deer (Cervus elephus), fallow deer (Dama dama), and mouflons (Ovis orientalis musimon) [43][44][45]. In wild ruminants, T. discolor was identified with use of ITS1-5.8S-1TS2 [43][44][45], but in cattle different populations of T. discolor in Iran, Spain, and Japan were investigated using 16S partial gene mtDNA, as well as ITS1 and 2 [43]. Callejon et al [43] noted that there were specific populations of T. discolor groups based on geographical location.…”

Setaria cervi(Filarioidea, Onchocercidae) undressing in ungulates: altered morphology of developmental stages, their molecular detection and complete sequencecox1 gene

“…Much more nematode parasites were detected in the dissected ungulates like the species of dorylaimid nematodes Trichuris and Capillaria (Trichocephalida), and several rhabditid genera Haemonchus , Ashwortius , Trichostrongylus , Nematodirus and Chabertia (Strongylida). Some analyses have been already published (Magdálek et al ., 2017; Nechybová et al ., 2018; Vadlejch et al ., 2018). Throughout Europe, red deer commonly act as hosts to this filarial nematode (e.g.…”

“…Moreover, wild animals often enter cattle pastures and thus spread parasite germs to livestock. Therefore, wildlife disease surveillance and control is currently gaining importance (Nechybová et al ., 2018).…”

Trichuriasis in Selected Deer (Cervidae) Species: A Geographical Perspective

“…At present, there is a dearth of information on the identification of Trichuris species in deer using molecular techniques. However, most of the molecular studies that were conducted were done with roe deer [86,87]. Trichuris species that were first found in roe deer used sequencing of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 ribosomal DNA fragment [86].…”