Long-Term Outcome of Esthesioneuroblastoma: Hyams Grade Predicts Patient Survival

Gompel, Jamie Van; Giannini, Caterina; Olsen, Kerry D.; Moore, Eric J.; Piccirilli, Manolo; Foote, Robert L.; Buckner, Jan C.; Link, Michael J.

doi:10.1055/s-0032-1312055

Cited by 40 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…ONB is dichotomically divided into low grade (Hyams’ I-II) and high grade (Hyams’ III-IV) [41]. However, a recent large study shows that division into low grade (Hyams’ I-III) and high grade cases (Hyams’ IV) reveals a better clinical correlation: high-grade ONB frequently presents with leptomeningeal metastasis, while low-grade ONB shows loco-regional recurrence [42].…”

Section: High-grade Vs Low-grade Olfactory Neuroblastomamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the largest cohort described so far (124 cases) only high grade and age >65, but not stage, were associated with poor outcome [45]. Other studies revealed Kadish stage and lymph node metastases as correlated with poor prognosis [41]. The status of the resection margin was reported to positively correlate with survival [46].…”

Section: Prognostic and Predictive Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic and molecular alterations in olfactory neuroblastoma: implications for pathogenesis, prognosis and treatment

2016

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Olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB, Esthesioneuroblastoma) is an infrequent neoplasm of the head and neck area derived from olfactory neuroepithelium. Despite relatively good prognosis a subset of patients shows recurrence, progression and/or metastatic disease, which requires additional treatment. However, neither prognostic nor predictive factors are well specified. Thus, we performed a literature search for the currently available data on disturbances in molecular pathways, cytogenetic changes and results gained by next generation sequencing (NGS) approaches in ONB in order to gain an overview of genetic alterations which might be useful for treating patients with ONB. We present briefly ONB molecular pathogenesis and propose potential therapeutic targets and prognostic factors. Possible therapeutic targets in ONB include: receptor tyrosine kinases (c-kit, PDGFR-b, TrkB; EGFR); somatostatin receptor; FGF-FGFR1 signaling; Sonic hedgehog pathway; apoptosis-related pathways (Bcl-2, TRAIL) and neoangiogenesis (VEGF; KDR). Furthermore, we compare high- and low-grade ONB, and describe its frequent mimicker: sinonasal neuroendocrine carcinoma. ONB is often a therapeutic challenge, so our goal should be the implementation of acquired knowledge into clinical practice, especially at pretreated, recurrent and metastatic stages. Moreover, the multicenter molecular studies are needed to increase the amount of available data.

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Section: High-grade Vs Low-grade Olfactory Neuroblastomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Prognostic and Predictive Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and molecular alterations in olfactory neuroblastoma: implications for pathogenesis, prognosis and treatment

2016

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“…In a single institution experience of 35-years, which included 95 patients with different treatment modalities, Rimmer et al [38] described overall survival rates of 83.4 and 76.1 % at 5-and 10-years with disease specific survival rates of 80 and 62.8 %, respectively. The modified Kadish staging system, Hyams histologic grade, lymph node status at presentation, treatment modality, and age have been found to be useful predictors of patient outcome and survival [25,26,31,38,39]. Hyams et al [40] introduced a four-tier histologic grading system based on architectural and cytologic parameters, and the presence of mitoses, rosettes, neurofibrillary stroma and necrosis with the better differentiated tumors being grade I and the most poorly differentiated tumors with high mitotic rate and necrosis tumors being grade IV (Table 4).…”

Section: Prognostic Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of the Sinonasal Tract: Neuroendocrine Carcinomas and Olfactory Neuroblastoma

Shah

Perez-Ordóñez

2016

Head and Neck Pathol

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Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) can occur in organs or tissues that do not contain neuroendocrine cells normally and do not necessarily imply embryologic derivation from the neuroectoderm; but rather reflect a shared phenotype characterized by the expression of multiple genes encoding both endocrine and neuronal features. NENs are rare in the sinonasal tract and are subdivided into epithelial and neural subtypes based on the presence of keratins or neurofilaments, respectively. Although relatively rare, neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) and olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) are the most common neuroendocrine neoplasms of the sinonasal tract. The focus of this review is to highlight recent developments in the pathology of sinonasal NECs and ONB in light of the upcoming update of the World Health Organization (WHO) 2005 classification of tumors of the head and neck.

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“…The grade (Table 3) is related to the degree of maturation, amount of neuropil, mitoses, necrosis, and pleomorphism, 133 and is strongly correlated to outcome. 130,132,[134][135][136][137][138] Although rare, melanin pigment, ganglion cells, rhabdomyoblasts, and even squamous or glandular differentiation may be seen. 124,[139][140][141] Special studies.…”

Section: Olfactory Neuroblastoma (Esthesioneuroblastoma)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4,57,80,140,[142][143][144][145][146] Outcome and management. Using a predominantly surgical approach, combined with radiation and chemotherapy in certain settings, the tumor grade and stage are the most significant prognostic factors, 130,132,[134][135][136][137][138] with metastatic tumors showing a worse disease-free survival. Recurrences usually develop within 2 years, seen in up to 30% of patients, whereas distant metastases are uncommon (about 10%).…”

Section: Olfactory Neuroblastoma (Esthesioneuroblastoma)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Small round blue cell tumors of the sinonasal tract: a differential diagnosis approach

Thompson

2017

Modern Pathology

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One of the most challenging diagnostic categories within tumors of the sinonasal tract is the small round blue cell tumors. Biopsies are usually small and limited, resulting in considerable diagnostic difficulty for practicing surgical pathologists. These tumors share several overlapping histologic and immunophenotypic findings while also showing considerable variation within and between cases. Specific tumor site of origin, imaging findings, and clinical findings must be combined with the histology and pertinent ancillary studies if the correct diagnosis is to be reached. Discrimination between neoplasms is critical as there are significant differences in therapy and overall outcome. It is important to have a well developed differential diagnosis for this category of tumors, where each of the diagnoses is considered, evaluated, and either confirmed or excluded from further consideration. In an undifferentiated tumor, showing a small round blue cell morphology, using the mnemonic 'MR SLEEP' helps to highlight tumors to consider: melanoma, mesenchymal chondrosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma (including NUT carcinoma), small cell osteosarcoma, lymphoma, esthesioneuroblastoma (olfactory neuroblastoma), Ewing sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor, pituitary adenoma, and plasmacytoma. A panel of pertinent immunohistochemistry studies, histochemistries and/or molecular tests should aid in reaching a diagnosis, especially when taking the pattern and intensity of reactions into consideration.

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Long-Term Outcome of Esthesioneuroblastoma: Hyams Grade Predicts Patient Survival

Cited by 40 publications

References 6 publications

Genetic and molecular alterations in olfactory neuroblastoma: implications for pathogenesis, prognosis and treatment

Genetic and molecular alterations in olfactory neuroblastoma: implications for pathogenesis, prognosis and treatment

Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of the Sinonasal Tract: Neuroendocrine Carcinomas and Olfactory Neuroblastoma

Small round blue cell tumors of the sinonasal tract: a differential diagnosis approach

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