Long-Term outcome of Olfactory Ensheathing Cell Transplantation in Six Patients with Chronic Complete Spinal Cord Injury

Rao, Yaojian; Zhu, Wenxiao; Yanxing, Guo; Jia, Chunxia; Qi, Ran; Qiao, Ruofei; Cao, Danna; Zhang, Hongxing; Cui, Zesheng; Yang, Lei; Wang, Yongjun

doi:10.3727/096368913x672127

Cited by 34 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…It has also reported that OECs improve local microcirculation of the damaged spinal cord and promote angiogenesis, thus enhancing remyelination of demyelinated neuronal axons [ 30 , 31 ]. According to previous work, OECs transplantation is clinically safe [ 32 , 33 ] and offers promising therapeutic outcomes for patients [ 34 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transplanted olfactory ensheathing cells restore retinal function in a rat model of light-induced retinal damage by inhibiting oxidative stress

Xue¹,

Zeng

et al. 2017

Oncotarget

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There is still not an effective treatment for continuous retinal light exposure and subsequent photoreceptor degeneration. Olfactory ensheathing cell (OEC) transplantation has been shown to be neuroprotective in spinal cord, and optic nerve injury and retinitis pigmentosa. However, whether OECs protect rat photoreceptors against light-induced damage and how this may work is unclear. Thus, to elucidate this mechanism, purified rat OECs were grafted into the subretinal space of a Long-Evans rat model with light-induced photoreceptor damage. Light exposure decreased a- and b- wave amplitudes and outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness, whereas the ONL of rats exposed to light for 24 h after having received OEC transplants in their subretinal space was thicker than the PBS control and untreated groups. A- and b- wave amplitudes from electroretinogram of OEC-transplanted rats were maintained until 8 weeks post OEC transplantation. Also, transplanted OECs inhibited formation of reactive oxygen species in retinas exposed to light. In vitro experiments showed that OECs had more total antioxidant capacity in a co-cultured 661W photoreceptor cell line, and cells were protected from damage induced by hydrogen-peroxide. Thus, transplanted OECs preserved retinal structure and function in a rat model of light-induced degeneration by suppressing retinal oxidative stress reactions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transplanted olfactory ensheathing cells restore retinal function in a rat model of light-induced retinal damage by inhibiting oxidative stress

Xue¹,

Zeng

et al. 2017

Oncotarget

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“…Cell therapies are only used experimentally [10]. Various cell therapies, such as the use of OSCs, have been tested in the last decade [19,[42][43][44][45][46]. Transplanted olfactory cells promoted tissue nerve regeneration by paracrine signaling and by creating a conductive environment [47].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory Stem Cells for the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury: Isolation, Purification and Behaviour in a Plasma Clot Matrix

Rövekamp¹,

Volkenstein²,

Minovi³

et al. 2020

RGM

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Cell therapies represent promising strategies to improve neurological functions after spinal cord injury (SCI). Olfactory mucosa (OM) might be an attractive source of multipotent cells for neuroregeneration because olfactory stem cells (OSCs) are resident. The regenerative capacity of OSCs has been demonstrated in animal models and some clinical case reports. Up to now, there are no standard methods for purification, characterization, and delivery of OSCs to the injury site. However, purification and characterization of the grafted cells are prerequisites for clinical use to ensure maximum safety for the patients. In this study, we isolated and purified OSCs from human OM using the neurosphere assay. Subsequently, the cells were characterized, and the behavior of purified OSCs in a plasma clot was investigated. Our study demonstrated that isolated cells from OM form neurospheres, which cells are positive for CD105 (98%) and CD90 (99%) and negative for Epcam (<1%) and MUC5AC (<1%). Purified OSCs were positive for Nestin, CD44 as well as GFAP and showed a lack of CD34 and CD45 expression. OSCs differentiated into neuron-like cells expressing ß-III tubulin. However, differentiation into adipocytes, chondrocytes or osteoblast could not be observed. In addition, OSCs stayed viable and were able to proliferate within the plasma clot. These results highlight OSC as a candidate for autologous transplantation in combination with the plasma clot as a cell carrier in SCI and neurodegenerative disease.

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“…In another recent study, the clinical application of olfactory ensheathing glia (OEG) for the treatment of SCI was evaluated in 8 participants. 92 Interestingly, a return of substantial sensation and motor activity in specific muscles below the injury site was observed in a few participants as well as improved bladder function. Importantly, no serious complications of the cell therapy were observed.…”

Section: Reparative Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 93%

Protection and Repair After Spinal Cord Injury: Accomplishments and Future Directions

2015

Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation

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It was an honor for me to present the 2014 G. Heiner Sell Memorial Lecture at the annual American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) meeting in San Antonio. For this purpose, I provided a comprehensive review of the scope of research targeting discovery and translational and clinical investigations into spinal cord injury (SCI) research. Indeed, these are exciting times in the area of spinal cord research and clinical initiatives. Many laboratories and clinical programs throughout the world are publishing data related to the pathophysiology of SCI and new strategies for protecting and promoting recovery in both animal models and humans. For this lecture, several topics were discussed including neuroprotective and reparative strategies, neurorehabilitation, quality of life issues, and future directions. In the area of neuroprotection, pathophysiological events that may be targeted with therapeutic strategies, including pharmacological and targeted temperature management were reviewed. For reparative approaches, the importance of both intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms of axonal regeneration was highlighted. Various cell therapies currently being tested in preclinical and clinical arenas were reviewed as well as ongoing US Food and Drug Administration approved trials for SCI patients. Neurorehabilitation is an evolving research field with locomotive training strategies, electrical stimulation, and brain-machine interface programs targeting various types of SCI. The importance of testing combination approaches including neuroprotective, reparative, and rehabilitative strategies to maximize recovery mechanisms was therefore emphasized. Finally, quality of life issues that affect thousands of individuals living with paralysis were also presented. Future directions and specific obstacles that require attention as we continue to move the SCI field forward were discussed.

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Long-Term outcome of Olfactory Ensheathing Cell Transplantation in Six Patients with Chronic Complete Spinal Cord Injury

Cited by 34 publications

References 15 publications

Transplanted olfactory ensheathing cells restore retinal function in a rat model of light-induced retinal damage by inhibiting oxidative stress

Transplanted olfactory ensheathing cells restore retinal function in a rat model of light-induced retinal damage by inhibiting oxidative stress

Olfactory Stem Cells for the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury: Isolation, Purification and Behaviour in a Plasma Clot Matrix

Protection and Repair After Spinal Cord Injury: Accomplishments and Future Directions

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