Long-term outcome of the Cloward procedure for single-level cervical degenerative spondylosis. Clinical and radiological assessment after a 22-year mean follow-up

Abstract

The Cloward technique provided excellent long-term clinical outcome in the treatment of single-level cervical degenerative spondylosis. There were no major alterations of the cervical sagittal balance, and the development of adjacent segment disease (ASD) was not specifically associated with the previous surgery.

Improving the Quality of Sleep with an Optimal Pillow: A Randomized, Comparative Study

“…Positive values higher than 5° were considered to be indicative of cervical lordosis. Negative values less than 5° indi- cated cervical kyphosis (Noriega et al 2013). The results of this study showed that the orthopedic pillow significantly increased the cervical lordosis repeating results when compared to the baseline cervical lordosis measured with the neck in a neutral position while standing.…”

Clinical and patient-reported outcomes after anterior cervical decompression and fusion surgery : A focus on functioning and daily life

“…Only a few studies have reported outcomes of 10 years or more after ACDF surgery (12,13). These studies show improvements in pain and reduced disability ratings at long-term follow-ups compared to preoperative ratings, and recovery rates of 80% as evaluated by surgeons (12,13).…”

“…Two previous studies on pain and global outcome after ACDF with a more than 10-year follow-up were found (12,13). These studies by Noriega et al (13) and Faldini et al (12) were both evaluations of the Cloward procedure and were at least partially retrospective follow-ups.…”

“…Only a limited number of studies after ACDF with more than 10-year followups exist (12,13), and more 10-year follow ups have been recommended (18). There are no previous 10-year follow-ups of ACDF comparing the two surgical techniques; Cloward Procedure and the Cervical Intervertebral Fusion cage (CIFC), or evaluating self-reported and physical functioning.…”

“…Surgical outcomes are evaluated from a biomedical perspective with clinical global assessment and radiological evaluations, but patient-reported questionnaires of pain, disability and health are also recommended (5,6). Good global outcome after surgery (7), as well as reductions in pain and disability has been reported in shorter (6 months to 2 years) and longer (> 3 year) evaluations (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13). However, when evaluating clinically meaningful improvements in pain and functioning after surgery, the results are less promising with individuals showing remaining pain, physical impairments and disability after surgery (8,11,(14)(15)(16)(17).…”