Long-term performance and life-cycle-cost benefits of cathodic protection of concrete structures using galvanic anodes

Krishnan, N. Radha; Kamde, Deepak K.; Veedu, Zameel Doosa; Pillai, Radhakrishna G.; Shah, D.K.; Velayudham, Rajendran

doi:10.1016/j.jobe.2021.102467

Cited by 28 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The CBA was based on the discounting method of benefits and costs, enabling alternatives to be assessed on an equivalent basis. The discount rate applied was 7% per annum [40]. The details of the case study compressor in terms of the technical data, including the economic parameters, are tabulated in Table 1.…”

Section: Assumptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying the Economic Benefits of Using Erosion Protective Coatings in a Low-Pressure Compressor (Aero-Engine): A Case Study Evaluation

Alqallaf

Teixeira

2022

Processes

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Gas turbine engines (GTEs) frequently operate in desert environments where the main components are exposed to erosive media such as sand and dust. In these circumstances, a crucial problem, particularly with compressor blades, is solid particle erosion (SPE). Positioned in the front of the GTE, the compressors suffer most from SPE in terms of inflicting damage on compressor hardware such as blades, decreasing the GTE’s working life and increasing fuel consumption, energy losses, and efficiency losses. Results obtained from Turbomatch, an in-house performance tool, showed that degraded compressors can experience increased turbine entry temperature (TET) and specific fuel consumption (SFC), which leads to a significant increase in the operating, maintenance and component replacement costs, in addition to fuel costs. Fitting erosion protective coatings (EPCs) is a conventional approach to reduce SPE of the compressor blades of aeroengines. Titanium nitride (TiN), applied via physical vapour deposition (PVD) techniques, is often used to extend the life of compressor blades in erosive conditions. This paper reports the outcomes of a cost benefit analysis (CBA) of whether applying an EPC to the booster blades of an aeroengine is economically beneficial. The case study takes into account the available coatings potential of the market, in addition to all of the available technical data in the public domain regarding the compressor of the research engine. To identify the economic consequences of employing an EPC over the blades of a compressor, a CBA study was carried out by investigating consequent benefits and costs. The results indicate that under certain conditions the application of an EPC can be profitable.

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Section: Assumptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying the Economic Benefits of Using Erosion Protective Coatings in a Low-Pressure Compressor (Aero-Engine): A Case Study Evaluation

Alqallaf

Teixeira

2022

Processes

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“…Compared to other approaches for mitigating chloride-induced corrosion, such as the use of high-performance concrete, sacrificial anodes, and electrochemical chloride extraction [ 8 , 9 , 10 ], the MCIs can be applied to the concrete surface as well as an admixture, are highly economical, and are easy to use [ 11 ]. Moreover, the MCIs can be applied to both relatively young and hardened concrete structures [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Corrosion Performance of Migratory Corrosion Inhibitors on Reinforced Concrete Exposed to Varying Degrees of Chloride Erosion

Sun

Liu

et al. 2022

Materials

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This study investigated the anti-corrosion performance of commercial amino alcohol migratory corrosion inhibitors (MCIs) on concrete that underwent varying degrees of chloride erosion. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization (PD), scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) analyses were performed to study the anti-corrosion performance and mechanism of the MCIs on the steel bars. The results indicated that the corrosion resistance of the steel bars in concrete was significantly improved by coating with the MCIs, and the earlier the specimens were coated with the MCIs, the higher the anti-corrosion efficiency. The anti-corrosion efficiency was 55.35% when the MCIs coating was applied before chloride erosion; however, the anti-corrosion efficiency decreased to 3.40% when the MCIs coating was applied after the ninth drying–wetting cycle. The improvement in corrosion resistance of the steel bar in concrete coated with MCIs was due to the protective MCIs-molecule film that formed on the steel bar surfaces, and the oxidative dissolution of iron at the anode was effectively inhibited by the MCIs coating.

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“…[13,14] The service life of offshore structures made from carbon steel can be increased considerably by the maintenance of appropriate coatings and cathodic protection, and the safety risks of such structures are increased by the degradation of these coatings and the failure of cathodic protection. [15][16][17][18] Because of the formation of a firm protective oxide surface film during exposure to an aerated environment, titanium and its alloys have excellent corrosion resistance and can be used effectively in harsh marine environments. [19] However, the application of these metals is limited for several reasons, including high costs and a lack of other desirable properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Galvanic corrosion behavior of titanium‐clad steel plate in the marine environment

Huang

Deng

et al. 2022

Materials & Corrosion

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In this study, the galvanic corrosion behavior of the side surface of titaniumclad steel plate (TCSP) and below the defects, which penetrate through the titanium layer of TCSP, have been focused on. Electrochemical corrosion tests and infinite focus three-dimensional measurement results revealed that galvanic corrosion on the side of TCSP will lead to widespread pitting of the steel, and the distribution positions of pits in splash, tidal, and submerged zones are different. Severe corrosion occurs below the defects in the titanium layer of TCSP, and the larger the defect, the deeper the corrosion depth, but TCSP with smaller defects have larger corrosion width on the Ti-Stl line (the joint between the titanium and steel). This shows that the size of the defect will influence the density of corrosion products and the effect of TCSP defect internal corrosion on titanium layer peeling is extremely limited.

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Long-term performance and life-cycle-cost benefits of cathodic protection of concrete structures using galvanic anodes

Cited by 28 publications

References 28 publications

Quantifying the Economic Benefits of Using Erosion Protective Coatings in a Low-Pressure Compressor (Aero-Engine): A Case Study Evaluation

Quantifying the Economic Benefits of Using Erosion Protective Coatings in a Low-Pressure Compressor (Aero-Engine): A Case Study Evaluation

Anti-Corrosion Performance of Migratory Corrosion Inhibitors on Reinforced Concrete Exposed to Varying Degrees of Chloride Erosion

Galvanic corrosion behavior of titanium‐clad steel plate in the marine environment

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