Long-Term Performance of Stone Interlayer Pavement

Titi, Hani H.; Rasoulian, Masood; Martinez, Mark; Becnel, Byron; Keel, Gary

doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-947x(2003)129:2(118)

Cited by 25 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…The presence of old carbon in the drainage basin bedrock is very limited in the lower Brazos compared to the middle Brazos (Fig. 1a), but includes (1) carbonate existing as Cretaceous Taylor marl (99.6-65.5 Ma BP) about 40 km downstream Waco, TX in a belt 160 km long and 56 km wide parallel to the coast (Cronin et al 1963); (2) lignite in the Tertiary Wilcox and Jackson groups (Ruppert et al 2002); (3) pedogenic carbonate in the Beaumont Formation in the coastal region of Texas (Nordt et al 2006); and (4) oyster shells and crushed carbonate minerals used in road construction in the US Gulf coast (Doran 1965;Titi et al 2003). Although these small sources of old carbon are numerous, they are scattered and account for only a small portion of regional lithology.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Possible carbonate sources in the lower Brazos include naturally occurring Cretaceous Taylor marl and pedogenic carbonate, and oyster shells and crushed carbonate minerals used in road construction (Doran 1965;Titi et al 2003;Zeng and Masiello 2010). Taylor marl consists of highly calcareous clay or clay marl, which is a loose mixture of clay (65-35%) and calcium carbonate (35-65%) (Matson and Hopkins 1917).…”

Section: Algal Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the 1960s, shell roads could be found in a belt about 100 km wide along the Texas coast (Doran 1965), and their remnants are ubiquitous in coastal Texas urban environments. Crushed limestone has also been used in Gulf coast roads (Titi et al 2003). In Buffalo Bayou, one of the rivers draining Houston about 50 km east of the lower Brazos, dissolution of shell and crushed limestone/ dolomite imbedded in old city roads has contributed to the river's old DIC (D 14 C = -117 ± 45%) (Zeng and Masiello 2010 The low pCO 2 values in the Brazos River are probably due to the combined effects of lower precipitation, an important control on river pCO 2 (Yao et al 2007;Zeng and Masiello 2010), larger river size, and damming and urbanization as discussed above.…”

Section: Algal Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Controls on the origin and cycling of riverine dissolved inorganic carbon in the Brazos River, Texas

2010

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Rivers draining watersheds that include carbonate bedrock or organic matter (OM)-rich sedimentary rocks frequently have 14 C-depleted dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) relative to rivers draining carbonate-and OM-free watersheds, due to dissolution of carbonate and/or decomposition of ancient OM. However, our results from a subtropical river, the Brazos River in Texas, USA, show that in this watershed human activities appear to dominate basin lithology in controlling the origin and metabolism of DIC. The middle Brazos flows through limestone and coal-bearing bedrock, but DIC isotope data suggest no limestone dissolution or respiration of ancient OM, and instead reflect efficient air-water CO 2 exchange, degradation of relatively young OM and photosynthesis in the river as a result of river damming and urban treated wastewater input. The lower Brazos drains only small areas of carbonate and coal-bearing bedrock, but DIC isotope data suggest the strong influence of carbonate dissolution, with a potentially minor contribution from decomposition of old soil organic matter (SOM). Oyster shells and crushed carbonate minerals used in road construction are likely sources of carbonate in the lower Brazos, in addition to natural marl and pedogenic carbonate. Additionally, the generally low pCO 2 and high DIC concentration in the Brazos River lead to a low CO 2 outgassing:DIC export ratio, distinguishing the Brazos River from other rivers.

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Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Algal Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Algal Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Controls on the origin and cycling of riverine dissolved inorganic carbon in the Brazos River, Texas

2010

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“…Possible sources of carbonate are naturally occurring pedogenic carbonate (carbonate formed during soil development) in the Beaumont Formation (Nordt et al 2006), and crushed limestone/dolomite and oyster shells. Crushed limestone/dolomite has been found in Gulf coast roads (Titi et al 2003), and shell roads are distributed in a belt extending 80-110 km inland from the coastline of Texas (Doran 1965), just far enough to cover the Buffalo Bayou watershed, but only reaching the Spring Creek watershed near the Gosling site (see Fig. 1).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources of CO2 evasion from two subtropical rivers in North America

Zeng

Masiello

2010

Biogeochemistry

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We directly measured the partial pressure of dissolved CO 2 (pCO 2 ) in two humid subtropical rivers in coastal Texas, one highly urbanized (Buffalo Bayou) and one relatively undeveloped (Spring Creek), and analyzed carbon isotopic signatures (D 14 C and d 13 C) of riverine dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) to determine carbon sources sustaining river respiration. Both rivers were highly supersaturated with CO 2 at all study sites and on all dates sampled from June 2007 to February 2009. Mean riverine pCO 2 values are 3,052 ± 1,364 and 4,702 ± 1,980 latm for Buffalo Bayou and Spring Creek, respectively. Calculated CO 2 emission fluxes per ha of water surface area from these rivers are intermediate between those in tropical and temperate rivers, indicating that globally, humid subtropical rivers may be a significant source of atmospheric CO 2 . Carbon isotopic signatures revealed that CO 2 supersaturation is supported by different carbon sources for the two rivers. In the relatively undeveloped river (Spring Creek), young terrestrial organic matter (OM) is the predominant C source fueling river heterotrophic respiration. In the highly urbanized river (Buffalo Bayou), the high concentration of riverine CO 2 is additionally supported by dissolution of CaCO 3 likely from pedogenic carbonate, and crushed limestone/dolomite and oyster shells imbedded in old roads in the watershed. Because urban sources of acidity can include HNO 3 and H 2 SO 4 , whether the limestone/dolomite and shells used by humans act as a net sink or source of atmospheric CO 2 needs further study.

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“…In addition, the behavior of overlays is complex due to discontinuities in existing pavements such as working joints or cracks exposed to vehicular and environmental loading. Several approaches have been used to evaluate the performance of interlayer systems including field crack surveys (6), laboratory tests to determine interface shear stiffness or bulk and fracture material characteristics (7)(8)(9), accelerated pavement tests to determine the number of load repetitions to failure (10), and numerical modeling (11). Until recently, measurement of field cracks appeared to be the most effective approach to evaluate the performance of overlays (12).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Assessment of Interlayer Systems to Abate Reflective Cracking in Hot-Mix Asphalt Overlays

Baek

Al-Qadi

Xie

et al. 2008

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation R

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A method to investigate the effectiveness of interlay systems in hot-mix asphalt (HMA) overlays to retard reflective cracking is introduced. Significant research has been conducted on developing techniques to reduce reflective cracking in HMA overlays. Many interlayer systems have been used in the field; some showed no structural or economical benefits, while others could reduce reflective cracking in the short term. However, long-term and quantitative benefits for many of these techniques have not been realized. Hence, this research fulfills the need to quantify the effectiveness of interlayer systems in delaying or abating reflective cracking–it proposes a systematic approach to identify reflective cracking and a conceptual index to evaluate interlayer systems. Ground-penetrating radar and a video integration system are used to detect surface cracks in overlays as well as joint opening and dowel bars in existing portland cement concrete pavements. Transverse cracks that exist over a joint are classified as joint-associated reflective cracks. Other transverse cracks are categorized as non-joint-associated transverse cracks. These cracks are not considered reflective cracks. A weight function is introduced to incorporate crack severity. Finally, two performance indices are introduced: reflective cracking appearance ratio and transverse cracking appearance ratio. By means of these new indices, the effectiveness of four interlayer system types used in Illinois is quantified: nonwoven reinforcing fabric with asphalt binder, sand antifracture, interlayer stress-absorbing composite, and modified leveling binder.

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Long-Term Performance of Stone Interlayer Pavement

Cited by 25 publications

References 0 publications

Controls on the origin and cycling of riverine dissolved inorganic carbon in the Brazos River, Texas

Controls on the origin and cycling of riverine dissolved inorganic carbon in the Brazos River, Texas

Sources of CO2 evasion from two subtropical rivers in North America

In Situ Assessment of Interlayer Systems to Abate Reflective Cracking in Hot-Mix Asphalt Overlays

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