Long-Term Persistence of Species and the SLOSS Problem

Ovaskainen, Otso

doi:10.1006/jtbi.2002.3089

Cited by 91 publications

(110 citation statements)

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“…In our simulations, nearly all habitat cells were occupied, and the best local competitors dominated small reserves even under low dispersal. Had survival and seedling carrying capacity been sufficiently low, there would be many unoccupied patches, especially in small reserves having a higher risk of stochastic extinction (Ovaskainen 2002). As a result, the best local competitor might rarely be present in small reserves, and environment would play a reduced role in community composition (Horn and MacArthur 1972).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The demographic parameters used in our model are not representative of any specific community, thus the strength of reserve size effects will change among systems. Additionally, the amount of habitat lost can also affect which reserve size strategies are optimal for a given metapopulation (Ovaskainen 2002). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For a single species, Ovaskainen (2002) found that a few large reserves were theoretically optimal for maximal patch occupancy, while more intermediate reserves maximized time to extinction. When metapopulation processes are uncertain, an intermediate number of reserves may be optimal, although the optimal strategy depends on the subjective importance of minimizing extinction risk versus maximizing robustness to uncertainty (McCarthy et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reserve Size and Fragmentation Alter Community Assembly, Diversity, and Dynamics

Lasky¹,

Keitt²

2013

The American Naturalist

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JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. abstract: Researchers have disputed whether a single large habitat reserve will support more species than many small reserves. However, relatively little is known from a theoretical perspective about how reserve size affects competitive communities structured by spatial abiotic gradients. We investigate how reserve size affects theoretical communities whose assembly is governed by dispersal limitation, abiotic niche differentiation, and source-sink dynamics. Simulations were conducted with varying scales of dispersal across landscapes with variable environmental spatial autocorrelation. Landscapes were inhabited by simulated trees with seedling and adult stages. For a fixed total area in reserves, we found that small reserve systems increased the distance between environments dominated by different species, diminishing the effects of source-sink dynamics. As reserve size decreased, environmental limitations to community assembly became stronger, a species richness decreased, and g richness increased. When dispersal occurred across short distances, a large reserve strategy caused greater stochastic community variation, greater a richness, and lower g richness than in small reserve systems. We found that reserve size variation trades off between preserving different aspects of natural communities, including a diversity versus g diversity. Optimal reserve size will depend on the importance of source-sink dynamics and the value placed on different characteristics of natural communities. Anthropogenic changes to the size and separation of remnant habitats can have far-reaching effects on community structure and assembly.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reserve Size and Fragmentation Alter Community Assembly, Diversity, and Dynamics

Lasky¹,

Keitt²

2013

The American Naturalist

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“…L'une des stratégies consiste à délimiter des grandes réserves naturelles et forestières. Cette stratégie est appuyée par les deux principes suivants: (a) la perte d'espèces dans les réserves est inversement proportionnelle aux surfaces de ces réserves, (b) le fait que certaines espèces ne pourront jamais subsister à très faible effectif (Ovaskainen, 2002). Le choix des zones à conserver répond à des critères de priorité comme: (a) le caractère distinct des espèces et des paysages (priorité aux espèces endémiques et rares), (b) le degré de menace des espaces et des espèces (priorité aux espèces et écosystèmes menacés), (c) l'utilité, donnant priorité aux espèces qui ont des valeurs, effectivement ou potentiellement, reconnues nécessaires pour l'homme puisqu'elles assurent des services écosystémiques (Primack & Ratsirarson, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Son intérêt vient: (a) de l'impossibilité d'étendre le système de grands parcs à tout le territoire, (b) de la pertinence d'établir des réseaux écologiques qui permettent la complémentarité des écosystèmes différents (Forman & Godron, 1986;Hess & Fischer, 2001), (c) de la réduction de la vulnérabilité des différentes réserves du réseau aux catastrophes naturelles (Carrière et al, 2008). Plus précisément, cette stratégie tient compte du fait que: (a) certaines espèces ne peuvent survivre que dans une seule et importante réserve dont la fragmentation réduirait fortement leur potentiel d'adaptation, (b) un réseau d'habitat permettrait atténuer l'extinction des espèces en permettant de recoloniser des parcelles vides par la migration (Hess & Fischer, 2001;Ovaskainen, 2002 (Carrière et al, 2008, p. 102-103).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

La place de la biodiversité dans les documents de planification urbaine en France

Moscarelli

2016

urbe, Rev. Bras. Gest. Urbana

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Resumé La prise de conscience par les acteurs sociaux et politiques des enjeux environnementaux et de la nécessité de conservation de la biodiversité va conduire à de nouvelles politiques et à l'utilisation d’outils de planification territoriale novateurs comme le Schéma de Cohérence Territorial (SCoT). Le SCoT est l’instrument central de l’aménagement communautaire urbain français, qui associe le rôle d’assemblage de plusieurs politiques sectorielles et de coordination multi-scalaire aux objectifs de conception de villes durables. Il est donc souhaité que les SCoTs soient capables: (a) d’améliorer les procédures d’aménagement par l’instauration de territoires de planification mieux adaptés aux enjeux, (b) d’élargir le dialogue entre acteurs et société civile et (c) d’agir pour la “soutenabilité” des villes. Nous nous interrogeons ici sur la prise en compte de la biodiversité dans les stratégies et prescriptions mises en place par les SCoTs de la Communauté d’Agglomération de Montpellier et de la Région Urbaine Grenobloise. A partir d’une analyse empirique, nous prétendons identifier les stratégies prescrites et les limites de ces documents d’urbanisme en ce qui concerne ces stratégies et leur application, la pertinence des périmètres de projet et d’action.

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Metapopulation Ecology

Nouhuys¹

2009

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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A metapopulation is a spatially structured population that persists over time as a set of local populations in balance between local extinction and colonization. Starting in 1969, and accelerating since the early 1990s, mathematical models of metapopulations have shown the importance of landscape connectivity and dispersal for persistence of a species or of interacting species. Some metapopulation models have been fit to empirical data. Although pure metapopulations may be rare, there are many empirical studies in which metapopulation processes, primarily local colonization and extinction, have been useful in explaining dynamics of natural and experimental systems. Metapopulation ecology is used in conservation biology and in population genetics where it influences genetic structure, the rate and trajectory of evolution and even what traits are under selection. Finally, communities of species that are distributed in a landscape potentially form metacommunity, which is a concept that shares important characteristics with metapopulations.

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Long-Term Persistence of Species and the SLOSS Problem

Cited by 91 publications

References 54 publications

Reserve Size and Fragmentation Alter Community Assembly, Diversity, and Dynamics

Reserve Size and Fragmentation Alter Community Assembly, Diversity, and Dynamics

La place de la biodiversité dans les documents de planification urbaine en France

Metapopulation Ecology

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