Long-term personal exposure to traffic-related air pollution among school children, a validation study

Roosbroeck, Sofie Van; Wichmann, Janine; Janssen, Nicole; Hoek, Gerard; Wijnen, J.H. van; Lebret, Erik; Brunekreef, Bert

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.03.034

Cited by 93 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…For NO 2 , models describing traffic closer to the home (50 -100m buffers) generally had the highest probabilities. This agrees with previous studies showing outdoor NO 2 levels decreasing significantly with increasing logarithmic distance from the road (Roorda-Knape et al 1999; Gilbert et al 2003), and the majority of air pollution from the road occurring within 50-75m (Van Roosbroeck et al 2006). Therefore roadways within 50m of the home may be the largest contributor to the total NO 2 concentration.…”

Section: Regression Models-variablessupporting

confidence: 92%

Predicting residential indoor concentrations of nitrogen dioxide, fine particulate matter, and elemental carbon using questionnaire and geographic information system based data

Baxter

Clougherty

Paciorek³

et al. 2007

Atmospheric Environment

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Previous studies have identified associations between traffic-related air pollution and adverse health effects. Most have used measurements from a few central ambient monitors and/or some measure of traffic as indicators of exposure, disregarding spatial variability and/or factors influencing personal exposure-ambient concentration relationships. This study seeks to utilize publicly available data (i.e., central site monitors, geographic information system (GIS), and property assessment data) and questionnaire responses to predict residential indoor concentrations of traffic-related air pollutants for lower socioeconomic status (SES) urban households.As part of a prospective birth cohort study in urban Boston, we collected indoor and outdoor 3-4 day samples of nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) and fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) in 43 low SES residences across multiple seasons from 2003 -2005. Elemental carbon concentrations were determined via reflectance analysis. Multiple traffic indicators were derived using Massachusetts Highway Department data and traffic counts collected outside sampling homes. Home characteristics and occupant behaviors were collected via a standardized questionnaire. Additional housing information was collected through property tax records, and ambient concentrations were collected from a centrally-located ambient monitor.The contributions of ambient concentrations, local traffic and indoor sources to indoor concentrations were quantified with regression analyses. PM 2.5 was influenced less by local traffic but had significant indoor sources, while EC was associated with traffic and NO 2 with both traffic and indoor sources. Comparing models based on covariate selection using p-values or a Bayesian approach yielded similar results, with traffic density within a 50m buffer of a home and distance from a truck route as important contributors to indoor levels of NO 2 and EC, respectively. The Bayesian approach also highlighted the uncertanity in the models. We conclude that by utilizing public databases and

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Section: Regression Models-variablessupporting

confidence: 92%

Predicting residential indoor concentrations of nitrogen dioxide, fine particulate matter, and elemental carbon using questionnaire and geographic information system based data

Baxter

Clougherty

Paciorek³

et al. 2007

Atmospheric Environment

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show abstract

“…An additional limitation is that exposures are based upon outdoor concentrations estimated for the home address at birth and do not consider personal exposures directly. Recent work has, however, shown that personal exposures are related to measures of traffic proximity and broadly support the validity of the exposure assessment applied in the present study [37,38]. Balanced against these limitations is the large size of the present birth cohort and the individual exposure level assessment.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Air pollution and development of asthma, allergy and infections in a birth cohort

Bräuer

Hoek²,

Smit³

et al. 2007

Eur Respir J

506

368

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Few studies have addressed associations between traffic-related air pollution and respiratory disease in young children. The present authors assessed the development of asthmatic/allergic symptoms and respiratory infections during the first 4 yrs of life in a birth cohort study (n5,4,000).Outdoor concentrations of traffic-related air pollutants (nitrogen dioxide PM 2.5 , particles with a 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 mm and soot) were assigned to birthplace home addresses with a land-use regression model. They were linked by logistic regression to questionnaire data on doctor-diagnosed asthma, bronchitis, influenza and eczema and to selfreported wheeze, dry night-time cough, ear/nose/throat infections and skin rash. Total and specific immunoglobulin (Ig)E to common allergens were measured in a subgroup (n5713).Adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) per interquartile pollution range were elevated for wheeze (1.2 (1.0-1.4) for soot), doctor-diagnosed asthma (1.3 (1.0-1.7)), ear/nose/throat infections (1.2 (1.0-1.3)) and flu/serious colds (1.2 (1.0-1.4)). No consistent associations were observed for other end-points. Positive associations between air pollution and specific sensitisation to common food allergens (1.6 (1.2-2.2) for soot), but not total IgE, were found in the subgroup with IgE measurements.Traffic-related pollution was associated with respiratory infections and some measures of asthma and allergy during the first 4 yrs of life.

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“…Another approach is to develop stochastic models based on spatially resolved measurement programs the results of which are linked to geographic data on road networks, traffic volumes, altitude, and so on (Briggs, 2007). The validity of either of these methods in terms of personal exposure is not yet well established, work is in progress to obtain empirical data on this (Rijnders et al, 2001;Wichmann et al, 2005;Van Roosbroeck et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health effects of air pollution observed in cohort studies in Europe

Brunekreef

2007

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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In recent years, several studies in Europe have associated within-city contrasts in air pollution with various health end points including mortality in cohort studies of adults, and respiratory morbidity in cross-sectional and cohort studies of children. Many of these studies have used NO 2 contrasts as the primary exposure variable, which raises the issue of whether such associations are uniquely found for NO 2 per se, or whether NO 2 acts as a surrogate for a complex mixture of combustion pollutants primarily derived from vehicular traffic. Exposure assessment in these studies has been based on dispersion modelling, on data from routine monitoring networks, on stochastic models developed from dedicated spatially resolved monitoring, or some combination of these. The results of a number of recent European studies are discussed.

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Long-term personal exposure to traffic-related air pollution among school children, a validation study

Cited by 93 publications

References 23 publications

Predicting residential indoor concentrations of nitrogen dioxide, fine particulate matter, and elemental carbon using questionnaire and geographic information system based data

Predicting residential indoor concentrations of nitrogen dioxide, fine particulate matter, and elemental carbon using questionnaire and geographic information system based data

Air pollution and development of asthma, allergy and infections in a birth cohort

Health effects of air pollution observed in cohort studies in Europe

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