Long-Term Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Persists after Major Trauma in Adolescents: New Data on Risk Factors and Functional Outcome

Holbrook, Troy L.; Hoyt, David B.; Coimbra, Raúl; Potenza, Bruce; Sise, Michael J.; Anderson, John P.

doi:10.1097/01.ta.0000159247.48547.7d

Cited by 157 publications

(148 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Of those children admitted to intensive care, almost one-third undergo neurosurgery for evacuation of subdural or epidural haematoma (19). The estimated incidence of TBI doubles between the ages of 5 and 14 years and peaks in both males and females during adolescence and early adulthood with rates of w250 per 100 000 population (20)(21)(22). In adults, the severest category of TBI approaches 30 per 100 000 -about five times the incidence in children.…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Tbi In Children and Adolescentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypopituitarism in childhood and adolescence following traumatic brain injury: the case for prospective endocrine investigation

et al. 2006

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Pituitary dysfunction is now well recognised after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in adults; however, little except anecdotal evidence is known about this potential complication in childhood and adolescence. Histopathological evidence exists for both hypothalamic and pituitary damage, but few data specific to children have been published. We review the available paediatric data, which shows that after both mild and severe TBI, hypopituitarism may occur, with GH and gonadotrophin deficiencies appearing to be most common. Precocious puberty has also been documented. Road-traffic accidents, falls, sport and child abuse are the most common aetiological factors for paediatric TBI. There are no published data on the incidence or prevalence, neither within a population of children with TBI, of hypopituitarism, nor on its natural history or response to hormone replacement. We urge paediatric endocrinologists, in collaboration with adult endocrinologists, to perform formal prospective research studies in patients suffering from TBI to clarify these questions.

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Section: Epidemiology Of Tbi In Children and Adolescentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypopituitarism in childhood and adolescence following traumatic brain injury: the case for prospective endocrine investigation

et al. 2006

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“…Children who incur an injury are at risk for developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) [2][3][4]. The severity of a child's injury does not predict PTSD [5,6], which can make it difficult for medical professionals to determine when a child will develop psychological symptoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The severity of a child's injury does not predict PTSD [5,6], which can make it difficult for medical professionals to determine when a child will develop psychological symptoms. Preventing PTSD symptoms is essential since symptoms contribute to functional impairment and poor recovery [2][3][4]. Evidence suggests that persistent traumatic stress might be prevented with early intervention [7], but available preventive resources are limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

After the injury: initial evaluation of a web-based intervention for parents of injured children

Marsac¹,

Kassam‐Adams²,

Hildenbrand³

et al. 2010

Health Education Research

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The purpose of this study was to survey parent knowledge of child injury reactions (including post-traumatic stress symptoms) and to evaluate parent satisfaction and learning outcomes following a video-or web-based intervention. Fifty parents of children ages 6-17 years who were injured within the past 2 months were recruited from emergency and inpatient settings. A repeated-measures experimental design was employed in which participants were assigned to either a web-based or video intervention. Parent knowledge was assessed preand post-intervention. Learning outcomes and satisfaction were evaluated post-intervention. Parents showed high levels (w70% accuracy) of knowledge about potential psychological injury reactions at baseline and post-intervention. In addition, post-intervention parents were able to generate new positive strategies to help their child recover and became more specific about types of reactions to monitor (e.g. avoidance). Participants reported high levels of satisfaction with both web and video interventions. While parents possess high levels of basic knowledge about child recovery from injury, the Web site and video tools provided concrete guidance that was useful in enhancing parent understanding of specific traumatic stress reactions to monitor in children post-injury.

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“…The burden of disabling and life-long sequelae of burn injuries and direct and indirect effects of intoxication were omitted because accurate incidence data were not available. Yet more striking is that psychological consequences of injury were not included, whereas evidence suggests that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and acute stress disorder are highly prevalent among children hospitalized for injury[25,26]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Burden of injury in childhood and adolescence in 8 European countries

et al. 2010

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BackgroundInjury is the major cause of death and suffering among children and adolescents, but awareness of the problem and political commitment for preventive actions remain unacceptably low. We have assessed variation in the burden of injuries in childhood and adolescence in eight European countries.MethodsHospital, emergency department, and mortality databases of injury patients aged 0-24 years were analyzed for Austria, Denmark, Ireland, Latvia, Netherlands, Norway, Slovenia and the United Kingdom (England, Wales). Years lost due to premature mortality (YLL), years lived with disability (YLD), and disability adjusted life years (DALYs) were calculated.ResultsDifferences in the burden of injury in childhood and adolescence are large, with a fourfold gap between the safest countries (Netherlands and UK) in western-Europe and the relatively unsafe countries (Latvia and Slovenia) in the east. Variation between countries is attributable to high variation in premature mortality (YLL varied from 14-58 per 1000 persons) and disability (YLD varied from 3-10 per 1000 persons). Highest burden is observed among males ages 15-24. If childhood and adolescence injuries are reduced to the level of current best injury prevention practices, 6 DALYs per 1000 child years can be avoided.ConclusionsInjuries in childhood and adolescence cause a high disability and mortality burden in Europe. In all developmental stages large inequalities between west and east are observed. Potential benefits up to almost 1 million healthy child years gained across Europe are possible, if proven ways for prevention are more widely implemented. Our children deserve action now.

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Long-Term Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Persists after Major Trauma in Adolescents: New Data on Risk Factors and Functional Outcome

Cited by 157 publications

References 35 publications

Hypopituitarism in childhood and adolescence following traumatic brain injury: the case for prospective endocrine investigation

Hypopituitarism in childhood and adolescence following traumatic brain injury: the case for prospective endocrine investigation

After the injury: initial evaluation of a web-based intervention for parents of injured children

Burden of injury in childhood and adolescence in 8 European countries

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