Long-term potentiation is differentially expressed in rostral and caudal neurons in the superior cervical ganglion of normal and hypertensive rats

Martínez, Luis A.; Rodríguez‐Cruces, Raúl; Cifuentes, Fredi; Morales, M.A.

doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2020.102641

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…We showed that segregation of ACh and GABA in the SPN axon endings is not homogeneously distributed across different regions of the rat SCG. Rather, the segregation level is higher in the caudal than in the rostral region ( Elinos et al, 2016 ), and this greater segregation in the caudal region is correlated with stronger synaptic transmission and enhanced synaptic plasticity as evidenced by a greater expression of ganglionic LTP ( Elinos et al, 2016 ; Martínez et al, 2020 ; Figure 3 ). We propose that the co-release of ACh and GABA from single boutons making synapse onto the same postganglionic neuron allows GABA to inhibit ACh transmission, whereas the release of only GABA to distinct postganglionic neurons produces less inhibition of cholinergic transmission The presence of a larger number of more excitable neurons with a low threshold in caudal region ( Li and Horn, 2006 ) would be consistent with less GABA innervation on these neurons.…”

Section: Does Transmitter Segregation Results In Improved Neuronal Function?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Insets show a set of compound action potentials (CAPs) evoked by each input intensity tested, recorded in the ICN (a) and in the ECN (b). (B) Time course of ganglionic LTP showed as ΔR/R0 (mean ± SEM), evoked in the caudal region, recorded in the ECN (∘) and in rostral region, recorded in ECN (•) (reproduced with permission from Elinos et al, 2016 and Martínez et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Does Transmitter Segregation Results In Improved Neuronal Function?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functional Implications of Neurotransmitter Segregation

Cifuentes

Morales

2021

Front. Neural Circuits

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Here, we present and discuss the characteristics and properties of neurotransmitter segregation, a subtype of neurotransmitter cotransmission. We review early evidence of segregation and discuss its properties, such as plasticity, while placing special emphasis on its probable functional implications, either in the central nervous system (CNS) or the autonomic nervous system. Neurotransmitter segregation is a process by which neurons separately route transmitters to independent and distant or to neighboring neuronal processes; it is a plastic phenomenon that changes according to synaptic transmission requirements and is regulated by target-derived signals. Distant neurotransmitter segregation in the CNS has been shown to be related to an autocrine/paracrine function of some neurotransmitters. In retinal amacrine cells, segregation of acetylcholine (ACh) and GABA, and glycine and glutamate to neighboring terminals has been related to the regulation of the firing rate of direction-selective ganglion cells. In the rat superior cervical ganglion, segregation of ACh and GABA to neighboring varicosities shows a heterogeneous regional distribution, which is correlated to a similar regional distribution in transmission strength. We propose that greater segregation of ACh and GABA produces less GABAergic inhibition, strengthening ganglionic transmission. Segregation of ACh and GABA varies in different physiopathological conditions; specifically, segregation increases in acute sympathetic hyperactivity that occurs in cold stress, does not vary in chronic hyperactivity that occurs in hypertension, and rises in early ages of normotensive and hypertensive rats. Given this, we propose that variations in the extent of transmitter segregation may contribute to the alteration of neural activity that occurs in some physiopathological conditions and with age.

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