Long-term psychosocial work environment and cardiovascular mortality among Swedish men.

Johnson, Jeffrey G.; Stewart, Walter F.; Hall, Ellen M.; Fredlund, Peeter; Theorell, Töres

doi:10.2105/ajph.86.3.324

Cited by 304 publications

(221 citation statements)

References 43 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

200

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Johnson et al (1996) suggested that low control over the work process is the true toxic (Light, 1997;Lundberg, 1998) (Kluft & Lansink , 1997;Siegbahn & Ruusuvaara, 1988). The association of BMI with the IRS variables is in agreement with previous findings (Brindley & Rolland, 1989;Reaven, 1988Reaven, , 1996 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Job strain and risk indicators for cardiovascular disease in young female nurses.

Riese¹,

Houtman²,

Doornen³

et al. 2000

Health Psychology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pickering, 1998). However, studies of women more often fail to find a job-strain effect on BP than studies of men, which Schnall et al. (1994) attributed to the lower prevalence of hypertension at the employable age in women. Social support has been found to be associated with lower BP in the majority of srudies (Uchino et al., 1996), but the effects seem to apply only to social support received from farnily and friends rather than job-related social support.Studies on male or combined male and female populations failed to find associations between job strain ànd total cholesterol qTC; Greenlund et al

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Job strain and risk indicators for cardiovascular disease in young female nurses.

Riese¹,

Houtman²,

Doornen³

et al. 2000

Health Psychology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…148 Also, low job control, per se, predicts future cardiac events. 149 Taken together, the studies regarding presence of stress at work and subsequent CAD development have been largely positive, suggesting a strong causal relationship between this form of chronic stress and development of atherosclerosis. Because many observational studies have reported psychological prodromata in the months preceding development of acute MI, 150 interest has also been focused on the potential pathogenicity of "subacute" life stress (defined as an accumulation of stressful life events over a duration of months).…”

Section: Chronic and Subacute Life Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Psychological Factors on the Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular Disease and Implications for Therapy

1999

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract-Recent studies provide clear and convincing evidence that psychosocial factors contribute significantly to the pathogenesis and expression of coronary artery disease (CAD). This evidence is composed largely of data relating CAD risk to 5 specific psychosocial domains: (1) depression, (2) anxiety, (3) personality factors and character traits, (4) social isolation, and (5) chronic life stress. Pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the relationship between these entities and CAD can be divided into behavioral mechanisms, whereby psychosocial conditions contribute to a higher frequency of adverse health behaviors, such as poor diet and smoking, and direct pathophysiological mechanisms, such as neuroendocrine and platelet activation. An extensive body of evidence from animal models (especially the cynomolgus monkey, Macaca fascicularis) reveals that chronic psychosocial stress can lead, probably via a mechanism involving excessive sympathetic nervous system activation, to exacerbation of coronary artery atherosclerosis as well as to transient endothelial dysfunction and even necrosis. Evidence from monkeys also indicates that psychosocial stress reliably induces ovarian dysfunction, hypercortisolemia, and excessive adrenergic activation in premenopausal females, leading to accelerated atherosclerosis.Also reviewed are data relating CAD to acute stress and individual differences in sympathetic nervous system responsivity. New technologies and research from animal models demonstrate that acute stress triggers myocardial ischemia, promotes arrhythmogenesis, stimulates platelet function, and increases blood viscosity through hemoconcentration. In the presence of underlying atherosclerosis (eg, in CAD patients), acute stress also causes coronary vasoconstriction. Recent data indicate that the foregoing effects result, at least in part, from the endothelial dysfunction and injury induced by acute stress. Hyperresponsivity of the sympathetic nervous system, manifested by exaggerated heart rate and blood pressure responses to psychological stimuli, is an intrinsic characteristic among some individuals. Current data link sympathetic nervous system hyperresponsivity to accelerated development of carotid atherosclerosis in human subjects and to exacerbated coronary and carotid atherosclerosis in monkeys.Thus far, intervention trials designed to reduce psychosocial stress have been limited in size and number. Specific suggestions to improve the assessment of behavioral interventions include more complete delineation of the physiological mechanisms by which such interventions might work; increased use of new, more convenient "alternative" end points for behavioral intervention trials; development of specifically targeted behavioral interventions (based on profiling of patient factors); and evaluation of previously developed models of predicting behavioral change. The importance of maximizing the efficacy of behavioral interventions is underscored by the recognition that psychosocial stresses tend to cluster together. ...

show abstract

“…Schnall et al 17 found that diastolic pressure at work was elevated among men with jobs characterised by high demand and low control, and this ®nding has been replicated by others. 18,19 Epidemiological studies of work stress and cardiovascular disease have increasingly focused on low control at work as the toxic element, 20 and low control over the work environment was found in the Whitehall II prospective epidemiological cohort of British civil servants to predict cardiovascular disease independently of standard risk factors. 21 It has also been hypothesised that connections exist between the development of abdominal obesity and psychological stress.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of abdominal obesity and chronic work stress on ambulatory blood pressure in men and women

et al. 1999

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

OBJECTIVE: To assess the in¯uence of abdominal obesity and work stress (operationalised as low control over work) on ambulatory blood pressure on a working day and evening. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: 156 school teachers (58 men and 98 women) carried out ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate monitoring on a work day and evening. Cardiovascular activity was also measured under baseline conditions on another occasion, when body weight, height, waist and hip circumference were assessed. Perceived control over work was assessed by questionnaire, along with mental health, anger expression and social support. 126 participants repeated the protocol after 12 months. Waistahip ratio was used as the index of abdominal obesity. RESULTS: Baseline blood pressure was positively associated with waistahip ratio in men, but ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate were not independently related to waistahip ratio or job control. However, blood pressure and heart rate recorded during the working day and evening were elevated in men with high waistahip ratio who experienced low job control, independently of age and body weight. Effects for diastolic blood pressure and heart rate were replicated after 12 months. Body mass index was not related to blood pressure or heart rate during the day or evening after adjustment for age and waist circumference. Low job control was associated with poor psychological well-being, negative mood and lack of social support. CONCLUSIONS: The results are consistent with the hypothesis that abdominal obesity in men is characterised by a tendency towards heightened stress-induced physiological activation, but that this tendency will only be manifest in the presence of appropriate environmental challenges such as chronic work stress.

show abstract

Long-term psychosocial work environment and cardiovascular mortality among Swedish men.

Cited by 304 publications

References 43 publications

Job strain and risk indicators for cardiovascular disease in young female nurses.

Job strain and risk indicators for cardiovascular disease in young female nurses.

Impact of Psychological Factors on the Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular Disease and Implications for Therapy

The influence of abdominal obesity and chronic work stress on ambulatory blood pressure in men and women

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About