Long‐term rates of acidification of UK upland acidic soils

Edwards, Anthony C.; Creasey, John; Skiba, U.; Peirson‐Smith, T.; Cresser,

doi:10.1111/j.1475-2743.1985.tb00658.x

Cited by 20 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Comparisons of weathering-derived outputs of calcium from catchments in NE Scotland on predominantly granite (Glendye) and the much more basic quartz-biotite-norite (Peatfold, Clenbuchat) showed little difference (Creasey et al 1986). This finding suggested that typical lower to middle altitude upland soils on moderate slopes in NE Scotland should reach the deep hill peat formation stage after c. 11,000 years of post-glacial weathering for granite, and c. 22,000 years for the more basic parent material (Edwards 1985b). These estimates suggest that the soils derived from granite, and hence the waters draining from them, should be in the latter stages of acidification and on the threshold (or beyond it) of becoming very susceptible to acidifying pollutant effects.…”

Section: Relevant Soil Formation Processesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Soils and surface water quality in northeastern Scotland

Cresser

Pugh

Edwards

1987

Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences

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The nature of soil-water interactions is discussed in the context of both soil formation and drainage water chemistry. The interacting factors regulating drainage water chemistry are then briefly considered, including soil type and parent material, soil atmosphere CO2 concentration, hydrological pathways, soluble salts, topography, climate and biotic effects. Based upon these factors, some sites in NE Scotland thought to be highly susceptible to water acidification are examined, and the low pH of their waters is confirmed. The acidity trends of two superficially similar streams apparently less at risk are compared, and the differences explained in terms of sub-surface soil characteristics. The possible impacts of both afforestation and of acidifying pollutants on water pH are considered briefly where appropriate.

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Section: Relevant Soil Formation Processesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Soils and surface water quality in northeastern Scotland

Cresser

Pugh

Edwards

1987

Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences

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“…However, under pristine conditions the BC and alkalinity fluxes passing through upland soils may massively exceed the corresponding fluxes estimated by assuming that all water infiltrates vertically. This would have a beneficial effect on soil base status down slope for thousands of years (Edwards, Creasey, Skiba, Peirson-Smith, & Cresser, 1985). The "damage" being done to soils at the foot of slopes at the "final" equilibrium would thus be far greater than that done up slope.…”

Section: In Uplands If Alkalinity Is Transferred Down Slope Naturallmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why Critical Loads of Acidity and N for Soils Should be Based on Pollutant Effective Concentrations Rather Than Deposition Fluxes

Cresser

2007

Water Air Soil Pollut: Focus

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Numerous assumptions have been made over the past 17 years when calculating critical loads for soils, both for acidity (based upon base cation steady state mass balances (SMB)) and for N (eutrophication, based upon N mass balances), often without all the assumptions being explicitly stated. The tacit assumptions that the author believes to be implicit in the SMB approach are critically reviewed, with particular reference to upland regions where slope processes are highly significant. It is concluded that many of them cannot be justified, especially those that involve ignoring many key processes known to be important to biogeochemical cycling and soil evolution in upland catchments. The evidence presented suggests that critical loads of acidity and of N for soils should be based upon effective pollutant and, for acidity, also effective base cation deposition concentrations, rather than upon pollutant deposition fluxes. This is because of the dominant role of cation exchange equilibria, rather than weathering rate, in regulation of the pH and base status of the more acidification-sensitive soils, and because of the importance of transport down slope of base cations, alkalinity and N species.

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“…The kappa statistic [37] will be calculated, which measures the level of agreement between reviewers. If kappa is less than 0.6, the reviewers will discuss the discrepancies and clarify the interpretation of the inclusion criteria.…”

Section: Study Inclusion Criteria and Study Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Floodplain management in temperate regions: is multifunctionality enhancing biodiversity?

Schindler

Kropik

Euller

et al. 2013

Environmental Evidence

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Background: Floodplains are among the most diverse, dynamic, productive and populated but also the most threatened ecosystems on Earth. Threats are mainly related to human activities that alter the landscape and disrupt fluvial processes to obtain benefits related to multiple ecosystem services (ESS). Floodplain management therefore requires close coordination among interest groups with competing claims and poses multi-dimensional challenges to policy-makers and project managers. The European Commission proposed in its recent Biodiversity Strategy to maintain and enhance European ecosystems and their services by establishing green infrastructure (GI). GI is assumed to provide multiple ecosystem functions and services including the conservation of biodiversity in the same spatial area. However, evidence for biodiversity benefits of multifunctional floodplain management is scattered and has not been synthesised. Methods/design: This protocol specifies the methods for conducting a systematic review to answer the following policy-relevant questions: a) what is the impact of floodplain management measures on biodiversity; b) how does the impact vary according to the level of multifunctionality of the measures; c) is there a difference in the biodiversity impact of floodplain management across taxa; d) what is the effect of the time since implementation on the impact of the most important measures; and e) are there any other factors that significantly modify the biodiversity impact of floodplain management measures? Within this systematic review we will assess multifunctionality in terms of ESS that are affected by an implemented intervention. Biodiversity indicators included in this systematic review will be related to the diversity, richness and abundance of species, other taxa or functional groups. We will consider if organisms are typical for and native to natural floodplain ecosystems. Specific inclusion criteria have been developed and the wide range of quality of primary literature will be evaluated with a tailor-made system for assessing susceptibility to bias and the reliability of the studies. The review is intended to bridge the science-policy interface and will provide a useful synthesis of knowledge for decision-makers at all governance levels.

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Long‐term rates of acidification of UK upland acidic soils

Cited by 20 publications

References 9 publications

Soils and surface water quality in northeastern Scotland

Soils and surface water quality in northeastern Scotland

Why Critical Loads of Acidity and N for Soils Should be Based on Pollutant Effective Concentrations Rather Than Deposition Fluxes

Floodplain management in temperate regions: is multifunctionality enhancing biodiversity?

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