Long-Term Scaling Performance of Concretes Containing Supplementary Cementing Materials

Boyd, Andrew J.; Hooton, R.D.

doi:10.1061/(asce)0899-1561(2007)19:10(820)

Cited by 23 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 3 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Excessive variability in scaling test results, particularly at low overall level of scaling, was previously reported by Boyd and Hooton (2007), Jacobsen et al (1997) and Marchand et al (1996). The specific aspects of the experimental results are discussed in the following sections.…”

Section: Test Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Typically, the 50 F-T cycles cumulative mass loss of 0.80 kg/m 2 (or higher) is used as a test failure criterion (MTO 1989 The scaling test results exhibit relatively high variability (Table 4.6 and Table 4.7), even though the two replicate test specimens were obtained from one larger slab. It is believed that this relatively high degree of scatter of test results may reflect the non-uniform distribution of aggregate particles in the near-surface region of the slabs.Excessive variability in scaling test results, particularly at low overall level of scaling, was previously reported by Boyd and Hooton (2007), Jacobsen et al (1997) and Marchand et al (1996). The specific aspects of the experimental results are discussed in the following sections.…”

mentioning

confidence: 80%

“…It should be realized that, while being commonly used for comparative purposes in laboratory studies, the ASTM C 672 procedure is often criticized for being far too severe and thus for providing poor correlation with field performance of concrete with respect to salt scaling (Bleszynski et al 2002;Boyd and Hooton 2007;Krishnan et al 2006). …”

Section: Test Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The collected scaled-off material was dried in the oven at 105ºC for about 5 days, weighted and used to determine the cumulative scaled-off mass (in kg/m 2 ). The fresh salt solution was then placed on the top of the slabs and the exposure to freeze-thaw cycles continued.It should be realized that, while being commonly used for comparative purposes in laboratory studies, the ASTM C 672 procedure is often criticized for being far too severe and thus for providing poor correlation with field performance of concrete with respect to salt scaling (Bleszynski et al 2002;Boyd and Hooton 2007;Krishnan et al 2006). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

High-Performance Concrete Bridge Decks: A Fast-Track Implementation Study Volume 2: Materials

Radlinski¹,

Olek²

2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IntroductionConcrete bridge decks are inherently exposed to harsh environment. They are known to undergo degradation due to numerous distresses, of which the most common are corrosion of reinforcement (caused by ingress of chloride through bulk concrete), freeze-thaw damage, shrinkage cracking (aggravating both corrosion and freeze-thaw problems) and surface scaling due to deicing salts.Recently, high performance concrete (HPC) has become widely utilized in the applications where severe environment leads to premature deterioration. The premise behind the development of HPC was to address the durability issues typical of normal concrete. HPC almost always implies incorporation of mineral admixtures, such as fly ash (FA) or silica fume (SF). These materials are added to concrete for variety of reasons, of which the most important is improvement (compared to plain ordinary portland cement (OPC) concrete) of certain durabilityrelated properties. However, there are also some downsides of utilizing them in concrete. For example, fly ash is known to reduce the early age strength and early age resistance to chloride-ion penetration, as well as resistance to salt scaling and carbonation. Furthermore, fly ash concrete has been reported to be fairly sensitive to curing conditions compared to plain cement concrete. The shortcomings of incorporating silica fume, on the other hand, include increased susceptibility to shrinkage cracking and potentially reduced resistance to freezing and thawing.In the view of the aforementioned side effects associated with the use of fly ash or silica fume in binary mixtures, the ternary cementitious systems have been introduced as a potentially viable solution to address those durability issues. Superior properties of this kind of cementitious systems are commonly attributed to so-called synergistic effect taking place when both pozzolanic materials are utilized. The intuitively obvious benefit of the use of OPC/FA/SF mixtures is that the presence of fly ash in concrete compensates for the deficiencies of silica fume, and vice versa. For example, FA offsets the increase in water demand, heat of hydration and alkalinity of pore solution resulting from addition of SF. On the other hand, SF compensates for the low early age strength and sensitivity to curing (with respect to development of both mechanical and durability-related properties of FA concrete). From the economical perspective, a relatively low cost of FA counterbalances higher cost of SF. Although a fairly large amount of research has been conducted to evaluate the properties of ternary cementitious mixtures containing fly ash and silica fume, relatively little was done with the emphasis on the durability-related issues encountered when these binder systems are used in the bridge deck concrete. Up to date, no data exists on the actual performance of ternary concrete containing class C fly ash and silica fume in bridge decks.The purpose of this research was to examine the applicability of ternary binder systems containing ordinary port...

show abstract

Section: Test Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

mentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Test Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

High-Performance Concrete Bridge Decks: A Fast-Track Implementation Study Volume 2: Materials

Radlinski¹,

Olek²

2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Hooton and Boyd (2007) studied concrete with 10% Class CH fly ash (CaO = 35.6%0 and 25% slag (with Blaine fineness 432 m 2 /kg). Their results show that when tested according to MTO LS-412, the ternary blend did not perform better and performed poorly compared to 35% slag, 25% slag, 15% fly ash, and 100% OPC (Table2.1 shows the results performed at three laboratories, MTO, Lafarge and U ofT).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Durability of concrete containing ternary blends of high calcium fly ash and slag

Kandasamy¹

2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This thesis investigates the performance of ternary blends containing high calcium fly ash (HCFA) and slag against: sulfate attack, alkali-silica reaction (ASR), salt scaling, and freeze-thaw damage. In addition, compressive strength, permeability and fresh properties were evaluated. In terms of sulfate attack, the performance of HCFA was significantly enhanced when slag was added to the mix, and the same was found for ASR. The high efficacy in resisting ASR of HCFA/slag blends was found to be a result of the blends' ability to bind and retain alkalis. Regarding the salt scaling, the tested ternary concretes failed the Ministry of Transportation Ontario limit, 0.8 kg/m²; however, enhanced performance was achieved when the samples were cured by wrapping with plastic sheets. Ternary blends achieved high resistance to freezing/thawing and less bleeding compared to those of the control mix without slag or HCFA; however, setting time was dragged by about an hour.

show abstract

Cementitious materials limitations for concrete exposed to deicing salt plus repeated cycles of freezing and thawing

Janssen,

Lundgren,

Shogren

et al. 2023

ce papers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Reducing the carbon footprint of concrete generally involves reducing the amount of calcium oxide in the cementitous materials by blending flyash and/or ground limestone into the cement or by replacing some of the cement with supplementary cementitious materials. This increases the ratio of SiO2+Al2O3+Fe2O3 to CaO+MgO in the cementitious material. While reducing the CaO content of cementitious materials is good for the environment, it may not be good for concrete exposed to deicing salts plus repeated cycles of freezing and thawing due to the effect of carbonation. Though carbonation can refine the pore structure when using only portland cement, it coarsens the pore structure when using high levels of cement replacement. This leads to increased scaling potential. A review of the effects of different cementitious materials combinations on carbonation along with an examination of field performance of concrete exposed to deicing salt plus repeated cycles of freezing and thawing is used to develop a relationship based on the ratio of SiO2+Al2O3+Fe2O3 to CaO+MgO in order to determine when limitations on cement replacement, or additional protective measures may be needed when scaling is a concern.

show abstract

Long-Term Scaling Performance of Concretes Containing Supplementary Cementing Materials

Cited by 23 publications

References 3 publications

High-Performance Concrete Bridge Decks: A Fast-Track Implementation Study Volume 2: Materials

High-Performance Concrete Bridge Decks: A Fast-Track Implementation Study Volume 2: Materials

Durability of concrete containing ternary blends of high calcium fly ash and slag

Cementitious materials limitations for concrete exposed to deicing salt plus repeated cycles of freezing and thawing

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About