Long-term
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            -Arginine Supplementation Improves Small-Vessel Coronary Endothelial Function in Humans

Lerman, Amir; Burnett, John C.; Higano, Stuart T.; McKinley, Linda J.; Holmes, David R.

doi:10.1161/01.cir.97.21.2123

Cited by 397 publications

(243 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…[2][3][4][5] Improvements in FMD are associated with increased skeletal muscle blood flow during exercise, 6 suggesting that improvements in FMD might facilitate increased blood flow and nutrient delivery to sites of metabolism, particularly skeletal muscle during exercise, with resultant improvements in metabolic control and body composition. Indirect support for this hypothesis comes from studies that have shown that the consumption of flavanol-containing cocoa products, and L-arginine (the primary substrate for NO), not only improve FMD, 7 but also reduce body fat. 8,9 Aerobic exercise is strongly advocated for increasing energy expenditure and reducing fat stores, but the amount of exercise required to achieve weight loss may be difficult to achieve for obese individuals who are unaccustomed to exercise.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of cocoa flavanols and exercise on cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obese subjects

et al. 2008

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Objective: Impaired endothelial function in obesity may reduce blood flow to sites of metabolism, contributing to impaired fat oxidation and insulin resistance. This study investigated the effects of cocoa flavanols and regular exercise, interventions known to improve endothelial function, on cardiometabolic function and body composition in obese individuals. Design: Overweight and obese adults were randomly assigned to high-flavanol cocoa (HF, 902 mg flavanols), HF and exercise, low-flavanol cocoa (LF, 36 mg flavanols), or LF and exercise for 12 weeks (exercise duration was 3 Â 45 min per week at 75% of age-predicted maximum heart rate). Body composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at 0 and 12 weeks. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), supine blood pressure (BP) and fasting plasma insulin, and glucose levels were assessed at 0, 6 and 12 weeks, respectively. Insulin sensitivity/resistance was determined using the modified homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA2). Results: A total of 49 subjects (M ¼ 18; F ¼ 31) completed the intervention. Baseline averages were as follows: body mass index ¼ 33.5 kg/m 2 ; BP ¼ 123/76 mm Hg; HOMA2 ¼ 2.4; FMD ¼ 4.3%; rate of fat oxidation during exercise ¼ 0.34 g min À1 ; abdominal fat ¼ 45.7% of total abdominal mass. Compared to LF, HF increased FMD acutely (2 h post-dose) by 2.4% (Po0.01) and chronically (over 12 weeks; Po0.01) by 1.6% and reduced insulin resistance by 0.31% (Po0.05), diastolic BP by 1.6 mm Hg and mean arterial BP by 1.2 mm Hg (Po0.05), independent of exercise. Regular exercise increased fat oxidation during exercise by 0.10 g min À1 (Po0.01) and reduced abdominal fat by 0.92% (Po0.05). Conclusion: Although HF consumption was shown to improve endothelial function, it did not enhance the effects of exercise on body fat and fat metabolism in obese subjects. However, it may be useful for reducing cardiometabolic risk factors in this population.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of cocoa flavanols and exercise on cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obese subjects

et al. 2008

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“…l-Arg is the precursor to nitric oxide (NO), and NO metabolite (NO x ) levels are also decreased during VOC and ACS (Stuart & Setty, 1999;Morris et al, 2000). l-Arg is a safe therapy (Perrine et al, 1994) that has demonstrated the capacity to decrease platelet aggregation (Adams et al, 1995) and reverse endothelial dysfunction (Lerman et al, 1998) in other disease processes and it may represent a new therapeutic intervention in SCD. NO x levels were shown to increase after oral l-Arg supplementation in healthy subjects (Kharitonov et al, 1995).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Arginine therapy: a novel strategy to induce nitric oxide production in sickle cell disease

Morris¹,

Kuypers²,

Larkin³

et al. 2000

Br J Haematol

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To determine the effects of l‐arginine (l‐Arg) supplementation on nitric oxide metabolite (NOx) production, oral l‐Arg was given to normal controls, sickle cell disease (SCD) patients at steady state and SCD patients hospitalized with a vaso‐occlusive crisis (VOC). l‐Arg (0·1 g/kg) increased NOx formation by 18·8 ± 68% in normal controls, whereas steady‐state SCD patients demonstrated a paradoxical decrease in NOx of −16·7 ± 4% (P = 0·004). In contrast, patients with VOC demonstrated a dramatic increase in NOx production by +77·7 ± 103%, a response that was dose dependent. l‐Arg appears to be the rate‐limiting step in NOx production during VOC. Oral arginine may therefore benefit SCD patients by inducing an increase in NO production during VOC.

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“…In consequence, as a metabolic precursor of NO, L-arginine enhances peripheral endotheliumdependent dilatation, and it inhibits platelet aggregation. Hence, it is administered to reduce the symptoms resulting from a decrease of NO concentrations in patients with CHF [19,32]. In addition, short-term intracoronary administration of L-arginine improves coronary endothelial response to acetylcholine, in hypercholesterolemia [32].…”

Section: L-arginine Supplementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drugs modulating the L-arginine:NO:cGMP pathway – current use in therapy

Polakowska

Orzelska‐Górka

Talarek

2016

Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences

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Nitric oxide (NO) is a relatively novel messenger that plays a significant role in a wide range of physiological processes. Currently, it is known that, both, lack and excess of NO can cause diseases, thus a lot of substances have been discovered and utilized which can change the concentration of this molecule within the organism. The aim of the present work is to provide an overview of currently used agents modulating the L-arginine:NO:cGMP pathway, as well as to summarize current understanding of their pharmacological profiles. Nowadays, most of these agents are employed particularly in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Further studies can hold promise for enhancing the therapeutic equipment for a variety of other impairments, such as osteoporosis, and also in treatments of the central nervous system.

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Long-term l -Arginine Supplementation Improves Small-Vessel Coronary Endothelial Function in Humans

Cited by 397 publications

References 46 publications

Effect of cocoa flavanols and exercise on cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obese subjects

Effect of cocoa flavanols and exercise on cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obese subjects

Arginine therapy: a novel strategy to induce nitric oxide production in sickle cell disease

Drugs modulating the L-arginine:NO:cGMP pathway – current use in therapy

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