Long-Term Sea Surface Temperature Trends in the Canary Upwelling Zone and their Causes

Polonsky, A. B.; Serebrennikov, A. N.

doi:10.1134/s0001433818090281

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The large variations in time coverage and data sources should be considered. Natural interannual and interdecadal climate variability (e.g., induced by oscillations such as the Atlantic‐Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) or the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO)) play an important role in the magnitude of trends and can influence the signal of relatively short time periods (Polonsky & Serebrennikov, 2018). Hence, documented long‐term trends are the most reliable and most suited ones to compare to our results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the SST increases reported in the literature are higher than the warming rates that we obtained for the permanent upwelling areas. Nevertheless, Polonsky and Serebrennikov (2018) showed that the SST in the active upwelling area increased by +0.4°C from 1982 to 2016 (a rate of +0.12°C dec −1 ). This result reflects the findings of our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pattern of meridional wind trends and the intensity of the trends (up to 0.5 m s −1 dec −1 ) are consistent with our results. Polonsky and Serebrennikov (2018) examined the wind intensity (modulus and both zonal and meridional wind components) in Northwest Africa during the last 30 years, also showing an increase in wind intensity for the modulus and both the meridional and zonal components. Santos et al (2005) analyzed the Canary upwelling system from 1982 to 2001 and detected decadal shifts in the upwelling intensity.…”

Section: Wind Trendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Satellite observations are useful, cost‐effective, and time‐efficient measures to retrieve and analyze a wide range of different remotely sensed data series of large spatial oceanic areas (Arabi et al., 2020; Davidson et al., 2019; Good et al., 2006). Specific oceanographic areas such as the subtropical gyres and the Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems (EBUS) exhibit different spatial and temporal trends in SST, Chl‐ a , NPP, and meridional wind (Demarcq, 2009; Gómez‐Letona et al., 2017; Polonsky & Serebrennikov, 2018; Polovina et al., 2008). The subtropical gyres are one of the largest marine ecosystems covering 40% of the global surface ocean.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Eastern North Atlantic subtropical gyre (NASE) comprises the perfect natural habitat to study recent trends in SST, Chl‐ a , NPP, and meridional wind stress in specific oceanographic settings such as upwelling and oligotrophic areas. Although several authors have focused some research on trends in such variables in the NASE detecting a variety of important changes (Arístegui et al., 2009; Cropper et al., 2014; Lemos & Sansó, 2006; Martins et al., 2007; Ould‐Dedah et al., 1999; Polonsky & Serebrennikov, 2018; Sambe et al., 2016; Santos et al., 2005, 2012; Taboada & Anadón, 2012), there is a lack of analysis of recent long‐term high‐resolution time series and how those changes might affect specific sensitive areas in the NASE.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Trends in SST, Chl‐a, Productivity and Wind Stress in Upwelling and Open Ocean Areas in the Upper Eastern North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre

et al. 2021

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The global upper ocean has been warming during the last decades accompanied with a chlorophyll‐a (Chl‐a) and productivity decrease. Whereas subtropical gyres show similar trends, Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems are thought to increase in productivity due to increased trade winds. This study analyzes recent trends in sea surface temperature (SST), Chl‐a, net primary production (NPP) and meridional wind stress in the Eastern North Atlantic subtropical gyre (NASE) in order to examine if the global trends can be detected in open ocean and upwelling areas and how the ocean biota responds. Satellite data of such variables of the last 15–40 years were analyzed to calculate mean trends in upwelling areas in the Canary upwelling system and open ocean areas around the Azores, Madeira and the Canary Islands. Our results show significant warming in the area with a maximum of 2.7°C per century for the Azores. Moreover, a general decreasing trend for Chl‐a and NPP seems to be more evident in the permanent upwelling areas, which will be responsible for a loss of 0.13% of the global NPP per century. Our results also highlight a significant expansion of the oceanic desert area of 10% with an increase in unproductive days of up to 84 days in the last 20 years. The competitive relationship of stratification and wind stress in the Canary upwelling system might be a more plausible explanation for the decrease in Chl‐a and NPP in upwelling areas linked to the increase in upwelling favorable wind stress and the surface warming.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%