Long-Term Simulation of PCB Export from the Fox River to Green Bay

Velleux, Mark; Endicott, Douglas; Steuer, Jeffrey J.; Jaeger, S. R.; Patterson, Dale

doi:10.1016/s0380-1330(95)71047-4

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Orderof-magnitude contrasts between sites were common. Mercury, similar to PCBs in the Fox River (22), was associated mainly with the particulate phase, suggesting that an important source of Hg is contaminated sediments. Particulate-phase metal dominated at the Grand Calumet Harbor, with greater degrees of variability in concentration for metals with high distribution coefficients (Hg > Pb ) Zn > Cd > Cu; Figure 2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Trace Metal Assessment of Lake Michigan Tributaries Using Low-Level Techniques

Hurley

Shafer

Cowell

et al. 1996

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Trace Metal Assessment of Lake Michigan Tributaries Using Low-Level Techniques

Hurley

Shafer

Cowell

et al. 1996

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Resuspension of bottom sediments in the Fox River has also been shown to regulate PCB concentrations and transport in the river ( , ). Models by Steuer et al () calculated that the percentage of total suspended solids derived from resuspension near the DePere Dam ranged from approximately 51% (flow range of 25.5 to 34.0 m 3 s -1 ) to 93% (flow range of 198 to 227 m 3 s -1 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partitioning and Transport of Total and Methyl Mercury in the Lower Fox River, Wisconsin

Hurley

Cowell

Shafer

et al. 1998

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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To investigate transport and partitioning processes of HgT in the Fox River, we coupled detailed time series data of total mercury (HgT) at the river mouth with transect sampling in the Lower Fox River. Unfiltered HgT concentrations in the Fox River during the study period (April 1994−October 1995) ranged from 1.8 to 182 ng L-1 with a median of 24.8 ng L-1, predominantly (93.6%) in the particulate phase. These levels were significantly elevated compared with other large tributaries to Lake Michigan (Hurley, J. P.; Shafer, M. M.; Cowell, S. E.; Overdier, J. T.; Hughes, P. E.; Armstrong, D. E. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1996, 30, 2093−2098). Transect sampling revealed progressively increasing water column HgT concentrations and HgT particulate enrichment downstream, which were consistent with trends in sediment HgT levels in the river. Resuspended sediments are likely the predominant source of Hg from the Fox River into Green Bay. Despite elevated HgT concentrations, methyl mercury (MeHg) concentrations were relatively low, suggesting limited bioavailability of HgT associated with sediments.

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“…EPA, 1995b;Velleux et al, 1995;De Vault et al, 1996;Elder et al, 1996;Pirrone & Keeler, 1996;Giesy et al, 1997). A number of studies have indicated that Hg concentrations in the aquatic environment exceed state, federal, and/or international health guidelines (e.g., Food and Drug Administration [FDA] regulations for Hg levels in fish have been set at 1 mg/kg) (Pope & Rall, 1995;Mason & Sullivan, 1997;Henry et al, 1998).…”

Section: Sources Of Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicology and Immunotoxicology of Mercury: A Comparative Review in Fish and Humans

Sweet¹,

Zelikoff²

2001

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part B: Critical Reviews

206

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This review addresses an important area of environmental and mammalian toxicology by evaluating and comparing mercury-induced effects upon the immune responses of two evolutionarily divergent yet immunologically-related species. The mechanisms of mercury toxicology and immunotoxicology are described herein, including supporting data from the following: sources of exposure; bioavailability and biodistribution; metabolism; and laboratory and field investigations. Based upon the studies presented, the relative sensitivities of fish and human immune cells to mercury exposure are compared and contrasted with regard to mercury's ability to stimulate and/or suppress host immunocompetence. In addition, results from immune assays are compared to mercury tissue burdens, as well as to toxicological threshold level estimates. Such comparisons may help to resolve gaps in our knowledge regarding sensitivity of immunological assays, standardization of immunotoxicological techniques between species, and the extent to which the vertebrate immune system possesses functional reserve and redundancy in response to xenobiotics. A review of this type begins to provide support for the potential usefulness of fish immune cells to serve as indicators for human immunotoxicology risk assessment. Analysis of the reviewed studies supports the following conclusions in both lower and higher vertebrates: a threshold for mercury-induced immunotoxicological effects is likely; multiple exposure scenarios involving high and/or chronic exposures leading to increased body burdens are linked to increased risk of immunomodulation; and highly exposed and/or susceptible subpopulations are at greater risk of toxicological impact.

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Long-Term Simulation of PCB Export from the Fox River to Green Bay

Cited by 19 publications

References 7 publications

Trace Metal Assessment of Lake Michigan Tributaries Using Low-Level Techniques

Trace Metal Assessment of Lake Michigan Tributaries Using Low-Level Techniques

Partitioning and Transport of Total and Methyl Mercury in the Lower Fox River, Wisconsin

Toxicology and Immunotoxicology of Mercury: A Comparative Review in Fish and Humans

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