Long-Term Simulation of the Effect of Low Impact Development for Highly Urbanized Areas on the Hydrologic Cycle in China

Abstract

Abstract-For areas that are urbanized rapidly, the practice of Low Impact Development (LID) has gained an important place in stormwater management and urban planning due to its capability and beneficial effects in restoring the original hydrological cycle. The performances of LID alternatives can vary substantially due to different climate conditions. This study investigated the performances of three LID alternatives under a semi-arid climate in northern China on water balance. A numerical model, the storm water management model (SWMM), was employed to run 10 years' rainfall events for these objectives. The efficiency index for water balance (Iw) is also introduced in this study and three LID alternatives are evaluated by using the above methodology. According to the research results, LID facilities have remarkable effects on water balance.Index Terms-Low impact development, urban development, water balance.

Nature-based solutions efficiency evaluation against natural hazards: Modelling methods, advantages and limitations

“…For instance, some studies have applied numerical models such as hydrodynamic models (e.g., MIKE-SHE, SWAT, MODFLOW) for evaluating the hydrological efficiency of green infrastructure ( Zhang and Chui, 2017 , Göbel et al, 2004 ; Newcomer et al, 2014 ; Thompson et al, 2010 ; Stewart et al, 2017 ; Joyce et al, 2017 ). 1D, 2D and 3D hydrodynamic models (e.g., SWMM, UrbanBEATS, MIKE-SHE, HEC-RAS, HEC-GeoRAS, SWAT, Flood Modeller, LISFLOOD-FP, ADCIRC, TELEMAC) have been utilised to evaluate the performance of NBS (e.g., wetland, ponds, bio-retention, grass swale, porous pavement, salt marshes, sea grass) against floods, storm surges and droughts ( Tayefi et al, 2007 ; Guida et al, 2015 ; Niu et al, 2016 ; Yeo et al, 2019 ; Jamali et al, 2018 ; Highfield et al, 2018 ). A few studies (e.g., Joyce et al, 2017 ; Bach et al, 2020 ) developed a multi-scale modelling technique to evaluate the efficiency of a green-NBS.…”

“… Hybrid (blue green) (Łódź, Poland) Field survey Precipitation, discharge Jurczak et al (2018) Effectiveness of several NBS in the reduction of runoff. Bio-retention, grass swale, and porous pavement (Tianjin University, China) Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) Precipitation, Temperature, Evaporation, Wind speed, Basin elevation Niu et al (2016) Investigating whether an increase in the number of nature-based features can reduce surface runoff in hillslope areas. Low earth bunds and debris dams (Brompton catchment, UK) TOPMODEL and 1-dimensional hydraulic channel routing scheme Precipitation, digital elevation model Metcalfe et al (2017) Effect of applying NBS on several hydrological variables related to floods.…”

“… Zhang et al (2018) also used SWMM-LID-GW to simulate water movement in the soil and its interaction with the surface for a more holistic performance assessment of NBS. Niu et al (2016) analysed the effect of bio-retention, grass swale and porous pavement in the reduction of runoff at the Tianjin University campus (2.5 km 2 ), China, using the SWMM software. Based on the 2D grid-based hydrodynamic model called TUFLOW, Ghimire et al (2014) simulated the water flow along channels and across surfaces at the Tarland Burn sub-catchment (74 km 2 ) of the River Dee.…”