Long term stability of rat sleep quantified by microcomputer analysis

Automated analysis of sleep–wake state in rats

“…The system was implemented in a study of baseline sleep architecture of 7 adult male rats held in individual standard laboratory cages under LD 12:12 h photoperiod. The data (Table 3) largely confirm previously published results (Ruigt et al, 1989b;Tang et al, 2007;Trachsel et al, 1991;Vivaldi et al, 1984).…”

“…This rat sleep autoscoring system is a significant improvement over many previously published systems (including one from this laboratory (Louis et al, 2004)) in that its performance does not depend on animal-specific threshold values (Benington et al, 1994;Bergmann et al, 1987a;Neckelmann et al, 1994;Ruigt et al, 1989a;Vivaldi et al, 1984). Its accuracy and error rate are therefore not dependent on previous day's data; each analysis is fully self-contained and affected only by basic signal quality (in the same way that conventional visual scoring is dependent on good quality EEG and EMG signals).…”

“…These three states are defined by electrophysiological criteria, including electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyogram (EMG) which together constitute a simple polysomnogram (PSG). Generally, continuous recordings of a PSG are subdivided into epochs, which vary in duration from 1 to 30 s in rodent studies (Bergmann et al, 1987b;Gottesmann et al, 1977;Neckelmann et al, 1994;Ruigt et al, 1989a,b;Vivaldi et al, 1984), and each epoch is assigned to a behavioural state on the basis of standardized interpretation of the PSG (e.g. Louis et al, 2004;Ruigt et al, 1989a), sometimes with reference to simultaneous observations of additional physiological variables or animal behaviour (Bergmann et al, 1987b;Crisler et al, 2008;Gottesmann et al, 1977;Hamrahi et al, 2001;Louis et al, 2004;van Luijtelaar and Coenen, 1984).…”

On-line analysis of biosignals for the automation of total and specific sleep deprivation in the rat

“…Methodological standards have been drastically influenced by the increasingly widespread presence and elaborate capabilities of microprocessors incorporated into standard biomedical equipment and of interface cards added to inexpensive personal computers. Digital human polysomnography (Doman et al, 1995;Klosch et al, 2001;Agarwal and Gotman, 2002) and automated sleep laboratory setups (Vivaldi, et al, 1984;Witting, et al, 1996;Robert, et al, 1999;Shaw, et al, 2002;Louis, et al, 2004) are significant examples of this trend.…”

Aspects of Sleep-Wakefulness Architecture by Computer Analysis in Cats

“…Several investigators have introduced automatic methods based on digitized EEG to calculate suitable parameters or descriptors [1][2][3][4], These methods, which use computer processing of the EEG signal, have been tested in the scoring of sleep recordings and drug ac tions [5,6]. In previous studies in cats, we have pre sented results based on the use of Hjorth's parameters in order to differentiate the various sleep-wakefulness stages [7,8], and to evaluate the actions of drugs [9][10][11].…”