Long‐term stable hydrophilic surface modification of poly(ether ether ketone) via the multilayered chemical grafting method

Abstract

The aging phenomena of a poly(ether ether keton) (PEEK) surface hydrophilically modified via various protocols was investigated. The use of plasma treatment or chemical etching methods offers a relatively convenient surface modification route. However, the effects of hydrophilic treatment quickly disappeared and its original surface property was recovered within a few hours or a few days when stored at ambient conditions. Surface treatment based on a single-layered chemical grafting method rendered an excellent hydrophilic surface with an initial contact angle of <158 and an improved retardation of surface aging. However, the contact angle of the modified PEEK specimen gradually increased with time and eventually reached 508 after 23 days. A new method for the long-term stable hydrophilic surface treatment of PEEK using a multilayered chemical grafting strategy was also developed. With this regard, aging of the modified surface could be significantly retarded over 90 days. It was believed that the effectiveness of the surface modification and the retarded aging phenomena via the multilayered hydrophilic treatment could be attributed to mechanical and chemical stability of the covalently bonded active surface groups on the grafted polymer networks. V C 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J.Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46042.

Simple approach for the plasma treatment of polymeric membranes and investigation of the aging effect

“…[1][2][3] The versatility of the NTP makes it especially interesting for treating polymers, since these materials maintain their mechanical, thermal and chemical properties while their surface can be modified to enhance the biocompatibility, wettability, hydrophilicity, or even their permeability/selectivity when considering permeable devices. [4][5][6] According to Jothi and Nageswaran, 3 the types of plasma treatment that make use of atmospheric pressure are preferable for purposes of surface modifications, since they are easier for operation with polymers because there is no need for equipment to obtain low pressures, also reducing the cost of the process. Two types of plasma most used at atmospheric pressure are the gas-discharge (GD), wherein the gas discharge occurs in an arc tube between two electrodes after ignition, 7 and the dielectric barrier discharge (DBD).…”

Selective Grafting of Polyamines to Polyether Ether Ketone Surface during Molding and Its Use for Chemical Plating

“…The polymerization of dopamine results in a modified surface, which is able to immobilize proteins, but the mechanical adhesion of the poly dopamine would not be sufficient for bonding a thick metal layer [3]. A direct grafting method was developed that takes advantage of the reactivity of the ketone group [4]. Here, polyvinyl alcohol was attached via the formation of acetals.…”

Investigating the effect of water‐mixing nitrogen atmospheric pressure plasma jet on polyether‐ether‐ketone and time stability under different conditions

“…However, the relatively poor wettability and low adhesion of PEEK have limited its further applications. To date, a lot of modification methods have been proposed to adjust PEEK properties, such as, chemical etching 12,13 , polymerization grafting [14][15][16] , laser texturing [17][18][19] , coating, [20][21][22] and plasma treatment [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] . Among these methods, plasma treatment can effectively improve wettability and adhesion strength of PEEK surface while does not involve chemical agents.…”