This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows:To determine the clinical and cost-effectiveness of interventions (non-selective, selective or stepwise carious tissue removal, sealing of carious lesions using sealant materials or preformed metal crowns, or NRCC) to treat carious lesions conventionally considered to require restorations (cavitated or micro-cavitated lesions, or occlusal lesions that are clinically non-cavitated but clinically/radiographically extend into dentine) in primary or permanent teeth with vital (sensitive) pulps.