Long-term survival of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in seawater and in experimentally infected mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis)

Tamburrini, A.; Pozio, Edoardo

doi:10.1016/s0020-7519(99)00033-8

Cited by 110 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In the rural areas of most developing countries where the availability of piped water is limited and in most cases non-existent, the communities utilise stream/river water for drinking and other domestic uses. Indirect exposure routes include consumption of filter feeders such as molluscs which concentrate pathogenic microorganisms occurring in contaminated water (Tamburrini and Pozio 1999). In the face of climatic change and increasing water scarcity, wastewater is increasingly being considered as a new source of water for irrigation in regions where water is scarce (Blumenthal et al 2000), exposing farmers to the risk of infection with vibrios and other waterborne pathogens.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Characterisation of Non-Cholerae Vibrio spp. in Final Effluents of Wastewater Treatment Facilities in Two Districts of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa: Implications for Public Health

Okoh¹,

Sibanda²,

Nongogo³

et al. 2015

Wastewater and Public Health

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Vibrios and other enteric pathogens can be found in wastewater effluents of a healthy population. We assessed the prevalence of three non-cholerae vibrios in wastewater effluents of 14 wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) in Chris Hani and Amathole district municipalities in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa for a period of 12 months. With the exception of WWTP10 where presumptive vibrios were not detected in summer and spring, presumptive vibrios were detected in all seasons in other WWTP effluents. When a sample of 1,000 presumptive Vibrio isolates taken from across all sampling sites were subjected to molecular confirmation for Vibrio, 668 were confirmed to belong to the genus Vibrio, giving a prevalence rate of 66.8 %. Further, molecular characterisation of 300 confirmed Vibrio isolates revealed that 11.6 % (35) were Vibrio parahaemolyticus, 28.6 % (86) were Vibrio fluvialis and 28 % (84) were Vibrio vulnificus while 31.8 % (95) belonged to other Vibrio spp. not assayed for in this study. Antibiogram profiling of the three Vibrio species showed that V. parahaemolyticus was ≥50 % susceptible to 8 of the test antibiotics and ≥50 % resistant to only 5 of the 13 test antibiotics, while V. vulnificus showed a susceptibility profile of ≥50 % to 7 of the test antibiotics and a resistance profile of ≥50 % to 6 of the 13 test antibiotics. V. fluvialis showed ≥50 % resistance to 8 of the 13 antibiotics used while showing ≥50 % susceptibility to only 4 antibiotics used. All three Vibrio species were susceptible to gentamycin, cefuroxime, meropenem and imipenem. Multiple antibiotic resistance patterns were also evident especially against such antibiotics as tetracyclin, polymixin B, penicillin G, sulfamethazole and erythromycin against which all Vibrio species were resistant. These results indicate a significant threat to public health, more so in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa which is characterised by widespread poverty, with more than a third of the population directly relying on surface water sources for drinking and daily use.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Characterisation of Non-Cholerae Vibrio spp. in Final Effluents of Wastewater Treatment Facilities in Two Districts of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa: Implications for Public Health

Okoh¹,

Sibanda²,

Nongogo³

et al. 2015

Wastewater and Public Health

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“…parvum oocysts can be concentrated by filter-feeding shellfish and survive for at least 30 days (Giangaspero et al, 2005;Graczyk et al, 2006;Graczyk et al, 2007;Guiguet Leal et al, 2008). Oocysts have been shown to survive for at least 12 months in seawater (Tamburrini and Pozio, 1999), but will be affected by temperature, salinity and amount of UV light (Nasser et al, 2007). The presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts will be dependent on the amount of faecal contamination, for example, in a site in Mexico oocysts where detected in more than 83 % of the samples at a concentration range of 150 to 2,050 oocysts/10 L (Magana-Ordorica et al, 2010).…”

Section: Data Linking Presence In Seawater To Food-borne Illnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on the minimum hygiene criteria to be applied to clean seawater and on the public health risks and hygiene criteria for bottled seawater intended for domestic use

Publication¹

2012

EFS2

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Document VersionPublisher's PDF, also known as Version of record SUMMARYFollowing a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Biological Hazards (BIOHAZ) and the Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) were asked deliver a scientific opinion on the minimum hygiene criteria to be applied to clean seawater and on the public health risks and hygiene criteria for bottled seawater intended for domestic use.European food legislation establishes the conditions for the use of clean seawater in land-based fishery establishments. Currently, the use of clean seawater is allowed for use in on-shore establishments, auctions and fish markets, for the handling and washing of fishery products, the production of ice for chilling fishery products and for rapid cooling of crustaceans and molluscs after their cooking. Nonetheless, there are no harmonised rules in the European legislation with regard to the sanitary criteria that clean seawater should respect.Based on incidents of food and waterborne infection, the properties and the distribution of the agents, microbiological hazards (including viruses, bacteria and parasites) have been associated with seawater. Poor quality sea water may consequently have a severe impact on public health through contamination which may occur during food processes. The hazards are associated either with bacteria, which are part of the natural marine biota (in particular Vibrio spp.), or pathogenic microbes derived from animal or human faecal contamination, which is most often of terrestrial origin. Nonetheless, there is currently not sufficient data on microbiological hazards to estimate the public health risks associated with the uses in on-land establishments for handling and washing fishery products, for the production of ice used for chilling, for rapid cooling of crustaceans and molluscs after cooking, and for bottled seawater. In the absence of data to propose risk-based criteria, hazard-based criteria are proposed instead. These should provide the same level of health protection as achieved by other food business operators through the use of potable water.It is underlined that coastal sources, used for abstraction of seawater in land-based establishments, cannot be guaranteed to be free from pathogens from the marine biota or from faecal contamination, and cannot be classified as a pristine source.Sanitary surveys provide information to optimize the site of abstraction in order to control sources of faecal pollution and chemical contamination. Additional safeguards will be needed to reduce contamination from endogenous marine flora (including pathogenic Vibrio spp. and C. botulinum). Since these hazards are associated with temperature and salinity (Vibrio spp.) as well as sediments (C. botulinum), abstracting seawater with high salinity (especially in waters of temperatures below 20 ºC), and free from particulate material will improve safety of seawater prior to treatment. The comprehensiveness of the sanitary survey, the stringency of microbiological criteria and the nee...

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“…Evidências recentes indicaram a presença do Cryptosporidium spp. infectando uma variedade de organismos aquá-ticos, entre estes, mariscos ), mexilhões (Tamburrini & Pozio 1999) e ostras (Freire-Santos et al 2000).…”

Section: Ocorrência De Cryptosporidium Spp Em Mamíferos Aquáticosunclassified

Criptosporidiose: uma revisão sobre a sua implicação na conservação dos mamíferos aquáticos

2007

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Cryptosporidiosis is an emerging parasitic disease that has been related in several mammal species, including the aquatic ones. This review covers the epidemiology infection by Cryptosporidium spp. in aquatic mammals. The age of the animal, infecting dose and immunological state can influence on the clinical presentation, and when associated with other pathogen, can lead the animal to death. The water supply contamination is water supply is one of the major ways of the pathogen dissemination, which was being identified by different techniques of laboratorial analysis. The adequacy of sanitation structures, the use of appropriate method to inactivate the oocysts and the assurance of personal hygiene norms are some of the recommended way to minimize the dissemination of Cryptosporidium among aquatic mammals.Keywords: aquatic animals, epidemiology, zoonosis, Cryptosporidium. A criptosporidiose é uma doença parasitária emergente que vem sendo relatada em diversas espécies de mamíferos, incluindo os aquáticos. Esta revisão trata da epidemiologia da infecção por Cryptosporidium spp. em mamíferos aquáticos. A idade dos animais, dose infectante e o estado imunológico podem influenciar na apresentação clínica, e quando associados a outros patógenos pode levar o animal a óbito. A contaminação dos recursos hídricos constitui um dos principais meios de disseminação do parasito, que foi identificado por diferentes técnicas de análise. A adequação das estruturas de saneamento, utilização de métodos apropriados para a inativação dos oocistos e garantia das normas de higiene pessoal constituem algumas das maneiras recomendadas para minimizar a disseminação do Cryptosporidium entre os mamíferos aquáticos.Palavras-chave: animais aquáticos, epidemiologia, zoonose, Cryptosporidium.

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Long-term survival of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in seawater and in experimentally infected mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis)

Cited by 110 publications

References 10 publications

Prevalence and Characterisation of Non-Cholerae Vibrio spp. in Final Effluents of Wastewater Treatment Facilities in Two Districts of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa: Implications for Public Health

Prevalence and Characterisation of Non-Cholerae Vibrio spp. in Final Effluents of Wastewater Treatment Facilities in Two Districts of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa: Implications for Public Health

Scientific Opinion on the minimum hygiene criteria to be applied to clean seawater and on the public health risks and hygiene criteria for bottled seawater intended for domestic use

Criptosporidiose: uma revisão sobre a sua implicação na conservação dos mamíferos aquáticos

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