Long-term survival of EMR-PDT for gastric cancer.

Abstract

85 Background: Some patients and their family refuse to undergo the surgical operation because of age or complicated diseases. Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) technique is popular in Japan. This method has the advantage of a histologic examination, but its uses are limited to mucosal lesions and a part of submucosal lesions (sm1). For early gastric cancer, we treated patients by photodynamic therapy (PDT) in combination with EMR (that is EMR-PDT). Methods: We treated twenty-five patients with gastric cancer by EMR-PDT from April, 1997 till March, 2004. The median age was 79 (56-88) years old. All the patients were diagnosed that it is impossible to undergo a surgical operation due to their age or complicated diseases. The endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) showed massive invasion of the submucosal layer in sixteen cancer lesions and the muscularis propria in nine cancer lesions.In order to reduce the tumor size, piecemeal snarectomy (EMR) is performed. One week later, PDT is performed. After the intravenous injection of 2 mg/kg of Photofrin, the excimer dye laser (EDL) at 630 nm is irradiated transmitted endoscopically. The energy intensity is over 60 J/cm2. Results: 1. Early gastric cancer (sm massive): as for complications, two patients showed pyloric stenosis after treatment but both of them were cured successfully by endoscopic treatment. As for local response, 15 out of 16 patients showed cure completely. From a viewpoint of long-term outcome, during the observation period of five years (from one year to 11 years), nine patients died and six patients are alive. Only one patint died of gastric cancer four years later, and other eight patients died from other causes. The longest cancer survivor is still alive after 11 years after EMR-PDT with no recurrence of cancer. Disease-specific survival is 93%. Three- year survival rate is 85%. 2. Advanced cancer: Any of the patient were not alive more than three years. 3. Regardless of their advanced age and complications, such as liver dysfunction and renal dysfunctions, both PDT and EMR-PDT showed extremely high safety. No treatment related death was observed. Conclusions: EMR-PDT is a promising method for early gastric cancer because of its safety and long-term good outcome.