Long-Term Sustainability of a High-Energy, Low-Diversity Crustal Biome

Lin, Li‐Hung; Wang, Pei Ling; Rumble, Douglas; Lippmann-Pipke, Johanna; Boice, Erik; Pratt, Lisa M.; Lollar, Barbara Sherwood; Brodie, Eoin L.; Hazen, Terry C.; Andersen, Gary L.; DeSantis, Todd Z.; Moser, Duane P.; Kershaw, Dave; Onstott, Tullis C.

doi:10.1126/science.1127376

Cited by 361 publications

(345 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Recently, a study by Alawi et al (2011) identified sequences similar to Candidatus Desulforudis audaxviator in 61°C tempered fluid samples taken after heat extraction in the topside facility of a geothermal plant in the Molasse Basin (Germany). Candidatus Desulforudis audaxviator is a rarely detected microorganism so far, whereas it has the ability to subsist as a single species ecosystem that is based on hydrogen originating from radiochemical reactions in deep crustal rocks and sulfate reduction as the dominant electronaccepting process (Lin et al 2006;Chivian et al 2008). The repeated detection of sequences affiliated to this species in a saline aquifer of the NGB (TDS 130 g l -1 ) as well as in a low mineralized Malm aquifer of the Molasse Basin (TDS < 1 g l -1 ) indicates that this organism is much more distributed in the deep subsurface than previously assumed and co-existing with other SRB.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal effects on microbial composition and microbiologically induced corrosion and mineral precipitation affecting operation of a geothermal plant in a deep saline aquifer

et al. 2013

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The microbial diversity of a deep saline aquifer used for geothermal heat storage in the North German Basin was investigated. Genetic fingerprinting analyses revealed distinct microbial communities in fluids produced from the cold and warm side of the aquifer. Direct cell counting and quantification of 16S rRNA genes and dissimilatory sulfite reductase (dsrA) genes by real-time PCR proved different population sizes in fluids, showing higher abundance of bacteria and sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) in cold fluids compared with warm fluids. The operation-dependent temperature increase at the warm well probably enhanced organic matter availability, favoring the growth of fermentative bacteria and SRB in the topside facility after the reduction of fluid temperature. In the cold well, SRB predominated and probably accounted for corrosion damage to the submersible well pump, and iron sulfide precipitates in the near wellbore area and topside facility filters. This corresponded to lower sulfate content in fluids produced from the cold well as well as higher content of hydrogen gas that was probably released from corrosion, and maybe favored growth of hydrogenotrophic SRB. This study reflects the high influence of microbial populations for geothermal plant operation, because microbiologically induced precipitative and corrosive processes adversely affect plant reliability.2

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal effects on microbial composition and microbiologically induced corrosion and mineral precipitation affecting operation of a geothermal plant in a deep saline aquifer

et al. 2013

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“…Water properties measured on-site included temperature (>60ºC), pH (9.3), Eh (-330 mV), and dissolved oxygen (Lin et al, 2006). The dissolved-oxygen content of the initial sample was slightly above the detection limit of 1 μM (32 μg/L), but this might have been an artifact of the initial high flow rate given that subsequent samples had no detectable oxygen.…”

Section: Microbial Activity In the Deep Subsurfacementioning

confidence: 99%

“…At greater depths, microbial populations are not necessarily dependent on photosynthetically produced electron donors and acceptors (i.e., nutrients; Lin et al, 2006). The existence of microorganisms at depths greater than one kilometer is well established, but much remains unknown regarding the abundance and sustainability of these microbial communities.…”

Section: Microbial Activity In the Deep Subsurfacementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Metabolic processes of the Firmicutes bacteria are highly complex and incompletely understood, but the most thermodynamically productive redox reaction may be the reaction of hydrogen gas, hydrogen ion, and sulfate to produce hydrosulfide and water (Lin et al, 2006). Methanogenesis may occur through the reaction of hydrogen gas, hydrogen ion, and bicarbonate ion to form methane and water.…”

Section: Microbial Activity In the Deep Subsurfacementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies of the indigenous microbial community were undertaken in the 2.7-billion-yearold Ventersdorp Supergroup metabasalt (South Africa; Lin et al, 2006). High-pressure water was sampled from a fracture intersected at 2.8 km below the land surface, part of an inferred three-to four-kilometer-deep fracture system.…”

Section: Microbial Activity In the Deep Subsurfacementioning

confidence: 99%

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Disposal systems evaluations and tool development : Engineered Barrier System (EBS) evaluation.

Rutqvist¹,

Liu²,

Steefel³

et al. 2011

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Eric Sonnenthal (LBNL) Engineered Barrier System (EBS) Evaluation This page is intentionally left blank Engineered Barrier System (EBS) Evaluation 5 Executive SummaryKey components of the nuclear fuel cycle are short-term storage and long-term disposal of nuclear waste. The latter encompasses the immobilization of used nuclear fuel (UNF) and radioactive waste streams generated by various phases of the nuclear fuel cycle, and the safe and permanent disposition of these waste forms in geological repository environments. The engineered barrier system (EBS) plays a very important role in the long-term isolation of nuclear waste in geological repository environments. EBS concepts and their interactions with the natural barrier are inherently important to the long-term performance assessment of the safety case where nuclear waste disposition needs to be evaluated for time periods of up to one million years. Making the safety case needed in the decision-making process for the recommendation and the eventual embracement of a disposal system concept requires a multi-faceted integration of knowledge and evidence-gathering to demonstrate the required confidence level in a deep geological disposal site and to evaluate longterm repository performance.The focus of this report is the following:• Evaluation of EBS in long-term disposal systems in deep geologic environments with emphasis on the multi-barrier concept;• Evaluation of key parameters in the characterization of EBS performance;• Identification of key knowledge gaps and uncertainties;• Evaluation of tools and modeling approaches for EBS processes and performance.The above topics will be evaluated through the analysis of the following:• Overview of EBS concepts for various NW disposal systems;• Natural and man-made analogs, room chemistry, hydrochemistry of deep subsurface environments, and EBS material stability in near-field environments;• Reactive Transport and Coupled Thermal-Hydrological-Mechanical-Chemical (THMC) processes in EBS;• Thermal analysis toolkit, metallic barrier degradation mode survey, and development of a Disposal Systems Evaluation Framework (DSEF).This report will focus on the multi-barrier concept of EBS and variants of this type which in essence is the most adopted concept by various repository programs. Empasis is given mainly to the evaluation of EBS materials and processes through the analysis of published studies in the scientific literature of past and existing repository research programs. Tool evaluations are also emphasized, particularly on THCM processes and chemical equilibria. Although being an increasingly important aspect of NW disposition, short-term or interim storage of NW will be briefly discussed but not to the extent of the EBS issues relevant to disposal systems in deep geologic environments. Interim storage will be discussed in the report Evaluation of Storage Concepts FY10 Final Report (Weiner et al. 2010). Engineered Barrier System (EBS) Evaluation 6This page is intentionally left blank Engineered Barrier System (EBS) Eva...

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Earthquake impact on iron isotope signatures recorded in mineral spring water

Schuessler

Kämpf

Koch³

et al. 2016

JGR Solid Earth

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We investigated the iron isotope signatures of dissolved Fe in the water of the Wettinquelle mineral spring (Bad Brambach, Germany) by time series sampling covering seismically active periods related to tectonic activity near the Eger Rift system in central Europe. Our objective was to test whether Fe isotopes trace earthquake‐induced abiotic and biotic changes in the fluid/rock interaction of the deep, fissured, granitic aquifer. We found that the dissolved Fe isotope signatures in spring water are distinct from the granitic source signature (δ56Fe = +0.09‰). Particularly, we discovered that water δ56Fe values are remarkably stable (−0.01 ± 0.11‰, 2SD, n = 4) before and during a strong seismic swarm period in 2000 (local magnitudes ML > 3), while O2 and H2 concentrations in water decrease and dissolved Fe content increases. Later, recurring events of lower δ56Fe values down to −0.3‰ are observed in the period from 2001 to 2003 with intermittent seismic events (1 < ML < 3.2). The observations indicate a time lag between tectonic forcing and Fe isotope response. The role of abiotic fluid/rock interaction and Fe‐utilizing bacteria identified in the mineral spring water on Fe isotope fractionation is discussed. We explain recurring changes toward isotopically lighter values by a combination of Fe dissolution from deep granite and admixture of isotopically light Fe generated by a complex combination of abiotic and biotic processes operating in the aquifer when disturbed by swarm earthquakes events. We propose a conceptual model scenario of earthquake‐triggered changes in biogeochemical processes.

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Long-Term Sustainability of a High-Energy, Low-Diversity Crustal Biome

Cited by 361 publications

References 24 publications

Thermal effects on microbial composition and microbiologically induced corrosion and mineral precipitation affecting operation of a geothermal plant in a deep saline aquifer

Thermal effects on microbial composition and microbiologically induced corrosion and mineral precipitation affecting operation of a geothermal plant in a deep saline aquifer

Disposal systems evaluations and tool development : Engineered Barrier System (EBS) evaluation.

Earthquake impact on iron isotope signatures recorded in mineral spring water

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