Long-Term Tillage and Crop Rotation Regimes Reshape Soil-Borne Oomycete Communities in Soybean, Corn, and Wheat Production Systems

Gahagan, A. Claire; Shi, Yuhua; Radford, Devon; Morrison, Malcolm J.; Gregorich, E.G.; Aris‐Brosou, Stéphane; Chen, Wen

doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0129.v1

2023

DOI: 10.20944/preprints202305.0129.v1

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Long-Term Tillage and Crop Rotation Regimes Reshape Soil-Borne Oomycete Communities in Soybean, Corn, and Wheat Production Systems

A. Claire Gahagan¹,

Yuhua Shi²,

Devon Radford³

et al.

Abstract: Soil-borne oomycetes include devastating plant pathogens that cause substantial losses in the agricultural sector. To better manage this important group of pathogens, it is critical to understand how they respond to common agricultural practices, such as tillage and crop rotation. Here, a long-term field experiment was established using a split-plot design with tillage as the main plot factor (conventional tillage [CT] vs. no till [NT], 2 levels) and rotation as the subplot factor (monocultures of soybean, cor… Show more

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Cited by 4 publications

References 15 publications

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Maize–Soybean Rotation and Intercropping Increase Maize Yield by Influencing the Structure and Function of Rhizosphere Soil Fungal Communities

Zhang,

Yang,

Zhao

et al. 2024

Microorganisms

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Soil-borne diseases are exacerbated by continuous cropping and negatively impact maize health and yields. We conducted a long-term (11-year) field experiment in the black soil region of Northeast China to analyze the effects of different cropping systems on maize yield and rhizosphere soil fungal community structure and function. The experiment included three cropping systems: continuous maize cropping (CMC), maize–soybean rotation (MSR), and maize–soybean intercropping (MSI). MSI and MSR resulted in a 3.30–16.26% lower ear height coefficient and a 7.43–12.37% higher maize yield compared to CMC. The richness and diversity of rhizosphere soil fungi were 7.75–20.26% lower in MSI and MSR than in CMC. The relative abundances of Tausonia and Mortierella were associated with increased maize yield, whereas the relative abundance of Solicoccozyma was associated with decreased maize yield. MSI and MSR had higher proportions of wood saprotrophs and lower proportions of plant pathogens than CMC. Furthermore, our findings indicate that crop rotation is more effective than intercropping for enhancing maize yield and mitigating soil-borne diseases in the black soil zone of Northeast China. This study offers valuable insights for the development of sustainable agroecosystems.

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Maize–Soybean Rotation and Intercropping Increase Maize Yield by Influencing the Structure and Function of Rhizosphere Soil Fungal Communities

Zhang,

Yang,

Zhao

et al. 2024

Microorganisms

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Stratified Effects of Tillage and Crop Rotations on Soil Microbes in Carbon and Nitrogen Cycles at Different Soil Depths in Long-Term Corn, Soybean, and Wheat Cultivation

Shi,

Gahagan,

Morrison

et al. 2024

Microorganisms

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Understanding the soil bacterial communities involved in carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling can inform beneficial tillage and crop rotation practices for sustainability and crop production. This study evaluated soil bacterial diversity, compositional structure, and functions associated with C-N cycling at two soil depths (0–15 cm and 15–30 cm) under long-term tillage (conventional tillage [CT] and no-till [NT]) and crop rotation (monocultures of corn, soybean, and wheat and corn–soybean–wheat rotation) systems. The soil microbial communities were characterized by metabarcoding the 16S rRNA gene V4–V5 regions using Illumina MiSeq. The results showed that long-term NT reduced the soil bacterial diversity at 15–30 cm compared to CT, while no significant differences were found at 0–15 cm. The bacterial communities differed significantly at the two soil depths under NT but not under CT. Notably, over 70% of the tillage-responding KEGG orthologs (KOs) associated with C fixation (primarily in the reductive citric acid cycle) were more abundant under NT than under CT at both depths. The tillage practices significantly affected bacteria involved in biological nitrogen (N2) fixation at the 0–15 cm soil depth, as well as bacteria involved in denitrification at both soil depths. The crop type and rotation regimes had limited effects on bacterial diversity and structure but significantly affected specific C-N-cycling genes. For instance, three KOs associated with the Calvin–Benson cycle for C fixation and four KOs related to various N-cycling processes were more abundant in the soil of wheat than in that of corn or soybean. These findings indicate that the long-term tillage practices had a greater influence than crop rotation on the soil bacterial communities, particularly in the C- and N-cycling processes. Integrated management practices that consider the combined effects of tillage, crop rotation, and crop types on soil bacterial functional groups are essential for sustainable agriculture.

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Soil and Phytomicrobiome for Plant Disease Suppression and Management under Climate Change: A Review

Chen

Modi

Picot

2023

Plants

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The phytomicrobiome plays a crucial role in soil and ecosystem health, encompassing both beneficial members providing critical ecosystem goods and services and pathogens threatening food safety and security. The potential benefits of harnessing the power of the phytomicrobiome for plant disease suppression and management are indisputable and of interest in agriculture but also in forestry and landscaping. Indeed, plant diseases can be mitigated by in situ manipulations of resident microorganisms through agronomic practices (such as minimum tillage, crop rotation, cover cropping, organic mulching, etc.) as well as by applying microbial inoculants. However, numerous challenges, such as the lack of standardized methods for microbiome analysis and the difficulty in translating research findings into practical applications are at stake. Moreover, climate change is affecting the distribution, abundance, and virulence of many plant pathogens, while also altering the phytomicrobiome functioning, further compounding disease management strategies. Here, we will first review literature demonstrating how agricultural practices have been found effective in promoting soil health and enhancing disease suppressiveness and mitigation through a shift of the phytomicrobiome. Challenges and barriers to the identification and use of the phytomicrobiome for plant disease management will then be discussed before focusing on the potential impacts of climate change on the phytomicrobiome functioning and disease outcome.

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Long-Term Tillage and Crop Rotation Regimes Reshape Soil-Borne Oomycete Communities in Soybean, Corn, and Wheat Production Systems

Cited by 4 publications

References 15 publications

Maize–Soybean Rotation and Intercropping Increase Maize Yield by Influencing the Structure and Function of Rhizosphere Soil Fungal Communities

Maize–Soybean Rotation and Intercropping Increase Maize Yield by Influencing the Structure and Function of Rhizosphere Soil Fungal Communities

Stratified Effects of Tillage and Crop Rotations on Soil Microbes in Carbon and Nitrogen Cycles at Different Soil Depths in Long-Term Corn, Soybean, and Wheat Cultivation

Soil and Phytomicrobiome for Plant Disease Suppression and Management under Climate Change: A Review

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