Long-term tolerability of benazepril in dogs with congestive heart failure

Pouchelon, Jean‐Louis; King, J. N.; L, Martignoni; Chetboul, Valérie; Lugardon, B.; Rousselot, Jean-François; Corlouer, Jean-Philippe; Bussadori, Claudio; Piette, Marie-Hélène; Brownlie, S.; Martel, Philippe; Garcin, Jean-Pierre; Hagen, Anja; Amberger, C.; Martin, Michael; Labadie, Fabrice; Collet, M.; Drouard, Christine; Lombard, Christophe W.; Herve, D.; Strehlau, G.

doi:10.1016/s1760-2734(06)70059-5

Cited by 27 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Our findings of higher BUN levels, blood creatinine levels, and prevalence of blood creatinine > 1.6 mg/dL among dogs with advanced HF are consistent with previous studies [1, 23]. None of the dogs in this study suffered from acute or chronic renal disorders, and none of them presented with low urine specific gravity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Prevalence and Prognosis of Anemia in Dogs with Degenerative Mitral Valve Disease

Huang

2016

BioMed Research International

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In humans, heart failure (HF) and renal insufficiency (RI) have negative reciprocal effects, and anemia can exacerbate their progression. In this retrospective study, the prevalence and prognostic significance of anemia in 114 dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD) was investigated. Pretreatment clinical parameters, prevalence of anemia and azotemia, and survival time were analyzed in relation to HF severity. The prevalence of anemia was highest in dogs with the modified New York Heart Association (NYHA) class IV HF (33.3%), followed by classes III (15.2%) and II (0%; p < 0.001). The presence of anemia was associated with HF severity and blood creatinine > 1.6 mg/dL (both p < 0.001). Anemic dogs had a shorter median survival [13 months; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.7–19.1] than nonanemic dogs (28 months; 95% CI: 15.3–40.7; p < .001). NYHA class IV (hazard ratio (HR): 3.1, 95% CI: 2.2–4.3; p < 0.001), left atrium/aorta ratio > 1.7 (HR: 2.7, 95% CI: 1.7–4.2; p = 0.001), and presence of anemia (HR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.1–1.9; p = 0.004) emerged as predictors of mortality. A cardiorenal-anemia syndrome-like triangle was observed and anemia was a prognostic factor for survival in dogs with DMVD.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Prevalence and Prognosis of Anemia in Dogs with Degenerative Mitral Valve Disease

Huang

2016

BioMed Research International

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“…Plasma creatinine or urea concentration may progressively increase during ACE inhibitors treatment, most often within the reference range, as previously observed in dogs with CHF treated with quinapril and captopril [26] or benazepril [23]. During long-term ACE inhibitor treatment in similar patients, serum/plasma creatinine remained unchanged with enalapril [70] or tended to decrease with benazepril [58]. GFR also was not altered by benazepril treatment in dogs with decompensating experimental heart failure [15].…”

Section: Specific Adverse Effects Of Ace Inhibitors Reported In Dogssupporting

confidence: 57%

“…Enalapril was also shown to attenuate changes in plasma sodium, potassium, urea and creatinine induced by chronic ventricular pacing in dogs [57] and to be well tolerated in such a model [13]. Benazepril reduced the incidence of increases in plasma creatinine in dogs with CHF [58]. In cats with spontaneous cardiovascular and renal disease, no information has been published about potential adverse effects.…”

Section: Overall Tolerance Of Ace Inhibitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plasma creatinine, ALAT and urea concentrations, and the number of cases of hyperkaliemia were not different between the 2 groups, but more cases of creatinine higher than 124 mol/L occurred in the placebo group. a reference [19], b reference [18], c reference [20], d reference [22], e reference [70], f reference [17], g reference [23], h references [21,58].…”

Section: Enalapril Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors in Veterinary Medicine

Lefebvre¹,

Brown²,

Chetboul³

et al. 2007

CPD

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Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors represent one of the most commonly used categories of drugs in canine and feline medicine. ACE inhibitors currently approved for use in veterinary medicine are benazepril, enalapril, imidapril and ramipril. They are all pro-drugs administered by oral route. A physiologically based model taking into account the saturable binding to ACE has been developed for pharmacokinetic analysis. The bioavailability of the active compounds from their respective pro-drug is low. The active metabolites are eliminated by renal, hepatorenal or biliary excretion, according to the drug. The elimination half-life of the free fraction of the active compounds is very short (ranging from approximately 10 min to 2 h). ACE inhibitors are generally well tolerated. Benazepril, enalapril, imidapril and ramipril are approved for dogs with chronic heart failure (CHF). The efficacy of ACE inhibitors has been convincingly demonstrated in dogs with CHF, especially in those with chronic valvular disease. In such clinical settings, ACE inhibitors improve hemodynamics and clinical signs, and increase survival time. In cats with cardiovascular disease, little information is available except for reports of some benefit in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in two non-controlled investigations. ACE inhibitors have also a mild to moderate hypotensive effect. There is also evidence to recommend ACE inhibitors in dogs and cats with chronic renal failure (CRF). They decrease the glomerular capillary pressure, have antiproteinuric effects, tend to delay the progression of CRF and to limit the extent of renal lesions.

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“…17,170,187 However, a progressive rise of BUN, and especially creatinine with or without a decreasing USG, in a cat treated for chronic HF should alert the practitioner to potential development of CRS. The diagnostic hallmark of isosthenuria in the presence of azotemia cannot be used in patients receiving diuretics, since they result in a lower USG.…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Concurrent Disease Management

2012

The Cat

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If at re-evaluation: Systolic AP Ͻ 150 mm Hg and UP/C Ͻ 0.2 Plan: Maintain antihypertensive therapy and re-evaluate in 1-6 months.If at any re-evaluation: Systolic AP Ͻ 150 mm Hg and UP/C Ͻ 0.2 Plan: Maintain antihypertensive therapy and re-evaluate in 1-6 months.If at re-evaluation: Systolic AP Ͼ 150 mm Hg and/or UP/C Ͼ 0.2 and amlodipine dosage at maximum Plan: Add ACEI, such as benazepril (0.5 mg/kg) once daily. Increase ACEI dosage up to 1.0 mg/kg once daily at successive re-evaluations until target reached. Subsequent considerations include aldosterone antagonist and beta or alpha blockers.If at re-evaluation: Systolic AP Ͼ 150 mm Hg and/or UP/C Ͼ 0.2 Plan: Increase amlodipine dosage up to 0.5 mg/kg once daily at successive re-evaluations until target reached.

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Long-term tolerability of benazepril in dogs with congestive heart failure

Cited by 27 publications

References 13 publications

Prevalence and Prognosis of Anemia in Dogs with Degenerative Mitral Valve Disease

Prevalence and Prognosis of Anemia in Dogs with Degenerative Mitral Valve Disease

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors in Veterinary Medicine

Concurrent Disease Management

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