Long-Term Treatment of Nasal Polyps With Beclomethasone Dipropionate Aerosol III. Morphological Studies and Conclusions

Sørensen, H.; Mygind, Niels; Pedersen, Carsten; Prytz, S.

doi:10.3109/00016487609120899

Cited by 46 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…No attempts were made to quantify IgD and IgE, which have been found to be present at low levels in nasal secretions of healthy individuals (47,49). Analysis of repetitive samples from single individuals ( Table 2) revealed considerable differences in immunoglobulin (mainly IgA) levels in undiluted nasal secretion, in accordance with previous observations (34,45).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Immunoglobulins in Nasal Secretions of Healthy Humans: Structural Integrity of Secretory Immunoglobulin A1 (IgA1) and Occurrence of Neutralizing Antibodies to IgA1 Proteases of Nasal Bacteria

Kirkeby¹,

Rasmussen²,

Reinholdt

et al. 2000

Clin Diagn Lab Immunol

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Certain bacteria, including overt pathogens as well as commensals, produce immunoglobulin A1 (IgA1) proteases. By cleaving IgA1, including secretory IgA1, in the hinge region, these enzymes may interfere with the barrier functions of mucosal IgA antibodies, as indicated by experiments in vitro. Previous studies have suggested that cleavage of IgA1 in nasal secretions may be associated with the development and perpetuation of atopic disease. To clarify the potential effect of IgA1 protease-producing bacteria in the nasal cavity, we have analyzed immunoglobulin isotypes in nasal secretions of 11 healthy humans, with a focus on IgA, and at the same time have characterized and quantified IgA1 protease-producing bacteria in the nasal flora of the subjects. Samples in the form of nasal wash were collected by using a washing liquid that contained lithium as an internal reference. Dilution factors and, subsequently, concentrations in undiluted secretions could thereby be calculated. IgA, mainly in the secretory form, was found by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to be the dominant isotype in all subjects, and the vast majority of IgA (median, 91%) was of the A1 subclass, corroborating results of previous analyses at the level of immunoglobulin-producing cells. Levels of serum-type immunoglobulins were low, except for four subjects in whom levels of IgG corresponded to 20 to 66% of total IgA. Cumulative levels of IgA, IgG, and IgM in undiluted secretions ranged from 260 to 2,494 (median, 777) g ml ؊1 . IgA1 protease-producing bacteria (Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, or Streptococcus mitis biovar 1) were isolated from the nasal cavities of seven subjects at 2.1 ؋ 10 3 to 7.2 ؋ 10 6 CFU per ml of undiluted secretion, corresponding to 0.2 to 99.6% of the flora. Nevertheless, ␣-chain fragments characteristic of IgA1 protease activity were not detected in secretions from any subject by immunoblotting. Neutralizing antibodies to IgA1 proteases of autologous isolates were detected in secretions from five of the seven subjects but not in those from two subjects harboring IgA1 protease-producing S. mitis biovar 1. ␣-chain fragments different from Fc ␣ and Fd ␣ were detected in some samples, possibly reflecting nonspecific proteolytic activity of microbial or host origin. These results add to previous evidence for a role of secretory immunity in the defense of the nasal mucosa but do not help identify conditions under which bacterial IgA1 proteases may interfere with this defense.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Immunoglobulins in Nasal Secretions of Healthy Humans: Structural Integrity of Secretory Immunoglobulin A1 (IgA1) and Occurrence of Neutralizing Antibodies to IgA1 Proteases of Nasal Bacteria

Kirkeby¹,

Rasmussen²,

Reinholdt

et al. 2000

Clin Diagn Lab Immunol

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“…This is in contradiction to results ob tained in human lung during allergen-induced late reaction [29], but in agreement with the findings in the nose [33]. However, it is shown that GCS treatment re duces the leakage of plasma components into the lung as measured by reduced TAM E-esterase activity, an activity found to represent mainly the presence of plasma kallikrein [12], Among the possible mechan isms behind BUD protection of late reaction, in the present investigation, might therefore be the inhibi tion of activation of inflammatory cells and thereby release of factors causing epithelial damage and edema formation or the action of these mediators on the vascular endothelium and/or bronchial epithe lium.…”

Section: Effect Of Gcs On Allergen-induced Ige-mediated Late Bronchicontrasting

confidence: 57%

Effect of Glucocorticosteroid Treatment on Ovalbumin-Induced IgE-Mediated Immediate and Late Allergic Response in Guinea Pig

Andersson¹,

Brange²,

Kogerer³

et al. 1988

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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The effect of glucocorticosteroid (GCS) treatment on ovalbumine-induced IgE-mediated immediate and late allergic response was studied in sensitized guinea pigs. The results show that the GCS budesonide (BUD) inhibits the allergen-induced IgE-mediated immediate and late bronchial obstruction. The effect on the early reaction is correlated to the inhibition of leukotrienes and histamine release. The importance of mediator release inhibition for the antianaphylactic effect of GCS is discussed. In examining the effect on the late reaction, it was found that BUD had to be present during the early reaction but did not inhibit the early reaction. Furthermore, the effect on the late reaction was correlated to the inhibition of vascular leakage but not to the infiltration of inflammatory cells as examined in bronchoalveolar lavage. The results indicate that some triggering factors important for the development of the late reaction are released during the early reaction. Inhibition of the release of that factor or the activation of inflammatory cells by that factor might be the mechanism behind the antiinflammatory activities of GCS.

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“…Not only cells, but also several active plasma components, such as bradykinin, leak into the nasal mucosa during the allergic reaction (14,146), and this may be a potentially important target of pharmacologic modulation. Daily topical GCS treatment in rhinitis results in redueed levels of both albumin (142,167) and bradykinin in nasal lavage fiuid (165). These antiexudative efl"ects of topical GCSs reflect anti-inflammatory rather than simple vascular effects (164).…”

Section: Blood Vesselsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucocorticosteroids and rhinitis

Mygind

1993

Allergy

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Long-Term Treatment of Nasal Polyps With Beclomethasone Dipropionate Aerosol III. Morphological Studies and Conclusions

Cited by 46 publications

References 3 publications

Immunoglobulins in Nasal Secretions of Healthy Humans: Structural Integrity of Secretory Immunoglobulin A1 (IgA1) and Occurrence of Neutralizing Antibodies to IgA1 Proteases of Nasal Bacteria

Immunoglobulins in Nasal Secretions of Healthy Humans: Structural Integrity of Secretory Immunoglobulin A1 (IgA1) and Occurrence of Neutralizing Antibodies to IgA1 Proteases of Nasal Bacteria

Effect of Glucocorticosteroid Treatment on Ovalbumin-Induced IgE-Mediated Immediate and Late Allergic Response in Guinea Pig

Glucocorticosteroids and rhinitis

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