Long‐term Trend in the Maturation Reaction Norm of Two Cod Stocks

Barot, Sébastien; Heino, Mikko; O’Brien, Laura; Dieckmann, Ulf

doi:10.1890/03-5066

Cited by 125 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…The size or age at which an organism begins to divert resources to reproduction is a critical life-history trait (Henderson and Morgan, 2002;Barot et al, 2004). This may be especially important when breeding opportunities are limited, as in semelparous fish (Crespi and Teo, 2002), in monocarpic plants (Burd et al, 2006) and in short-lived organisms such as threespine stickleback and guppies (Reznick et al, 1990).…”

Section: Initiation Of Maturationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life-history plasticity in female threespine stickleback

et al. 2015

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The postglacial adaptive radiation of the threespine stickleback fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus) has been widely used to investigate the roles of both adaptive evolution and plasticity in behavioral and morphological divergence from the ancestral condition represented by present-day oceanic stickleback. These phenotypes tend to exhibit high levels of ecotypic differentiation. Population divergence in life history has also been well studied, but in contrast to behavior and morphology, the extent and importance of plasticity has been much less well studied. In this review, we summarize what is known about life-history plasticity in female threespine stickleback, considering four traits intimately associated with reproductive output: age/size at maturation, level of reproductive effort, egg size and clutch size. We envision life-history plasticity in an iterative, ontogenetic framework, in which females may express plasticity repeatedly across each of several time frames. We contrast the results of laboratory and field studies because, for most traits, these approaches give somewhat different answers. We provide ideas on what the cues might be for observed plasticity in each trait and, when possible, we inquire about the relative costs and benefits to expressed plasticity. We end with an example of how we think plasticity may play out in stickleback life history given what we know of plasticity in the ancestor.

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Section: Initiation Of Maturationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life-history plasticity in female threespine stickleback

et al. 2015

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“…With this in mind, change over time in the reaction norm is interpreted as a signal of evolutionary (i.e. genetic) change, in contrast to variation in growth within a single reaction norm that is taken to reflect effects of the environment (Barot et al 2004, Olsen et al 2005). This idea is of much interest, but appears to be an assumption rather than an empirically verified observation in the context of marine fish stocks.…”

Section: The Maturation Reaction Norm As An Indicator Of Genetic Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Fisheries-induced evolution: present status and future directions

Law

2007

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

269

320

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This essay comments on recent research on Darwinian fisheries science and on the future development of this field. From a practical point of view, the key question is: how fast are evolutionary changes caused by fishing happening? To answer this question, there is a need to understand intensities of selection generated by fishing, heritabilities and genetic correlations of the traits under selection, and whether the rates of change in traits predicted from this information are consistent with the changes observed. Although there is little doubt about the existence of phenotypic change in life-history traits of exploited fish stocks, there are few direct estimates of selection differentials caused by fishing. Results that are available, together with the relatively low heritabilities of life-history traits, suggest that the evolution caused by fishing occurs at a modest rate, and is likely to need a decadal time scale to be clearly observable. Given the pressing need for attention to fisheries in the short term, measures to control the longer-term evolutionary impact of fishing are most likely to be adopted if they also help to meet short-term objectives of management. With this in mind, the essay mounts a defence of large, old fish, the presence of which would be beneficial to stocks in the short term, and the conservation of which would set in motion selection for improved growth in the longer term.

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“…To date, most studies considering the genetic and phenotypic responses of fish stock to fishing have focused on fisheries-induced directional 6 selection on life-history traits such as age and size at maturation (Barot et al, 2004;Ernande et al, 2004;de Roos et al, 2006;Gårdmark and Dieckmann, 2006;Dunlop et al, 2009;Poos et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fisheries-induced disruptive selection

Landi

Hui

Dieckmann

2015

Journal of Theoretical Biology

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Commercial harvesting is recognized to induce adaptive responses of life-history traits in fish populations, in particular by shifting the age and size at maturation through directional selection. In addition to such evolution of a target stock, the corresponding fishery itself may adapt, in terms of fishing policy, technological progress, fleet dynamics, and adaptive harvest. The aim of this study is to assess how the interplay between natural and artificial selection, in the simplest setting in which a fishery and a target stock coevolve, can lead to disruptive selection, which in turn may cause trait diversification. To this end, we build an eco-evolutionary model for a size-structured population, in which both the stock's maturation schedule and the fishery's harvest rate are adaptive, while fishing may be subject to a selective policy based on fish size and/or maturity stage. Using numerical bifurcation analysis, we study how the potential for disruptive selection changes with fishing policy, fishing mortality, harvest specialization, life-history tradeoffs associated with early maturation, and other demographic and environmental parameters. We report the following findings. First, fisheriesinduced disruptive selection is readily caused by commonly used fishing policies, and occurs even for policies that are not specific for fish size or maturity, provided that the harvest is sufficiently adaptive and large individuals are targeted intensively. Second, disruptive selection is more likely in stocks in which the selective pressure for early maturation is naturally strong, provided life-history tradeoffs are sufficiently consequential. Third, when a fish stock is overexploited, fisheries targeting only large individuals might slightly increase sustainable yield by causing trait diversification (even though the resultant yield always remains lower than the maximum sustainable yield that could be obtained under low fishing mortality, without causing disruptive selection). We discuss the broader implications of our results and highlight how these can be taken into account for designing evolutionarily informed fisheries-management regimes.

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Long‐term Trend in the Maturation Reaction Norm of Two Cod Stocks

Cited by 125 publications

References 54 publications

Life-history plasticity in female threespine stickleback

Life-history plasticity in female threespine stickleback

Fisheries-induced evolution: present status and future directions

Fisheries-induced disruptive selection

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