Long-term trends in population-based hospitalisation rates for myocardial infarction in England: a national database study of 3.5 million admissions, 1968–2016

Abstract

AimTo analyse the timing and scale of temporal changes in rates of hospitalised myocardial infarction (MI) in England by age and sex from 1968 to 2016.MethodsMI admissions for adults aged 15–84 years were identified from electronic hospital data. We calculated age-standardised and age-specific rates, and examined trends using joinpoint.ResultsFrom 1968 to 2016, there were 3.5 million admissions for MI in England (68% men). Rates increased in the early years of the study in both men and women, peaked in the mid-1980s (355 per 100 000 population in men; 127 in women) and declined by 38.8% in men and 37.4% in women from 1990 to 2011. From 2012, however, modest increases were observed in both sexes. Long-term trends in rates over the study period varied by age and sex, with those aged 70 years and older having the greatest and most sustained increases in the early years (1968–1985). During subsequent years, rates decreased in most age groups until 2010–2011. The exception was younger women (35–49 years) and men (15–34 years) who experienced significant increases from the mid-1990s to 2007 (range +2.1%/year to 4.7%/year). From 2012 onwards, rates increased in all age groups except the oldest, with the most marked increases in men aged 15–34 years (7.2%/year) and women aged 40–49 (6.9%–7.3%/year) .ConclusionDespite substantial declines in hospital admission rates for MI in England since 1990, the burden of annual admissions remains high. Continued surveillance of trends and coronary disease preventive strategies are warranted.

Age- and sex-specific trends in the incidence of myocardial infarction in Denmark, 2005 to 2021

“…Our findings build upon previous studies, that showed declines in myocardial infarction incidence across various populations and several decades [3,[19][20][21][22][23]38]. These improvements likely pertain to better risk factor control and higher uptake of evidence-based preventive treatment [1,2,39,40].…”

“…However, females and the elderly were underrepresented in cardiovascular prevention research historically [15,16], and have differential risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease compared to males and younger individuals [17,18]. The most recent studies of myocardial infarction incidence had follow-up through the mid-2010s [19][20][21][22], or reported age-and sex-standardized incidences, thus not showing the age-and sex-specific developments in the incidence of myocardial infarction [23].…”

Baseline characteristics among 101,407 people with myocardial infarction over nine-year time period: a population-based study using primary care data

“…

CardioVascular (CV) Disease (CVD) accounts for 25% of all UK deaths [1][2][3][4]. Before developing and applying new or existing CV risk prediction tools [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] for prediction of incident CVD events, it is important to have a description of the baseline characteristics of the patients who experienced a myocardial Infarction (MI) event.

…”