Long-term trends in the body mass index and obesity risk in Estonia: an age–period–cohort approach

Reile, Rainer; Baburin, Aleksei; Veideman, Tatjana; Leinsalu, Mall

doi:10.1007/s00038-020-01447-7

Cited by 9 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The sensitivity analyses showed that our APC estimation results were robust to different grouping specifications (more details in online Supporting Information). Our results are consistent with other APC studies on obesity in the adult population showing an inverted U-shape age effect among the population older than 18 years old [18,19,21,23,37,38] and increasing with age for those younger than 18 years old [22], but interestingly, we found a decrease in overweight at 16 to 17 years old. The age at which obesity peaked in our study was similar to that found in a study for Australia [18], but it differed from studies in Ireland [21], the United States [24], France [20], Estonia [19], and New Zealand [37], where the peak was at a slightly younger age.…”

Section: Apc Estimationsupporting

confidence: 93%

An age‐period‐cohort approach to studying long‐term trends in obesity and overweight in England (1992–2019)

Bretón

Gray

2023

Obesity

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Objective: This study aims to understand long-term trends in obesity and overweight in England by estimating life-course transitions as well as historical and birth cohort trends for both children and adults.Methods: Data on individuals aged 5 to 85 years old from the Health Survey for England were used, covering the period 1992 to 2019 and birth cohorts born between 1909 and 2013. Individual BMI values were classified as healthy weight, overweight, or obesity. Trends were compared, and an age-period-cohort model was estimated using logistic regression and categorical age, period, and cohort groups.Results: There was significant variation in age trajectories by birth cohorts for healthy weight and obesity prevalence. The odds of having obesity compared with a healthy weight increased consistently with age, increased throughout the study period (but faster between 1992 and 2001), and were higher for birth cohorts born between 1989 and 2008. The odds of having overweight showed an inverted U-shape among children, increased through adulthood, have been stable since 2012, and were considerably higher for the youngest birth cohort (2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013).Conclusions: Younger generations with higher overweight prevalence coupled with increasing obesity prevalence with age suggest that obesity should remain a high priority for public health policy makers in England.

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Section: Apc Estimationsupporting

confidence: 93%

An age‐period‐cohort approach to studying long‐term trends in obesity and overweight in England (1992–2019)

Bretón

Gray

2023

Obesity

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“…The prevalence of obesity in Estonia is increasing, but in the age-adjusted Estonian population the proportion of obese subjects is twice smaller than in the young stroke cohort. 24 One-third of our patients had stroke family history. The Italian cohort reported family history in 28% of patients, 20 the SIFAP1 study reported it to be as high as 37%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The prevalence of obesity in Estonia is increasing, but in the age-adjusted Estonian population the proportion of obese subjects is twice smaller than in the young stroke cohort. 24…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estonian young stroke registry: High burden of risk factors and high prevalence of cardioembolic and large-artery stroke

Vibo

Schneider

Kõrv

et al. 2021

European Stroke Journal

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Background and aims The aim of the present study was to assess the risk factor burden and stroke etiology of young stroke patients in Estonia and to compare the results with similar cohorts from other countries. Methods This study includes ischemic stroke patients aged 18–54 years from the prospective Estonian Young Stroke Registry between 2013 and 2020. All patients were managed in a stroke unit following a prespecified detailed protocol. Data on stroke risk factors, etiology, and stroke severity were analyzed. Results A total of 437 patients (mean age 44.7 ± 8.3 years; 62% males) were included in the registry during the 8-year study period. A total of 50.2% of patients had ≥ 3 well-documented risk factors (higher for men: odds ratio (OR) 3.8; 95% cardiac index confidence interval (CI) 1.8–8.3; p < .001) and 6.2% of patients had ≥ 3 less well-documented risk factors. While 42% of patients had undetermined cause of stroke (34% of them cryptogenic), the second most frequent etiologies were large-artery atherosclerosis and cardioembolism (both 19%). 60 percent of cardioembolic strokes were due to high-risk causes. Large-artery atherosclerosis was more prevalent in men (OR 1.8; 95% CI 1–3.3; p = .05) and among older patients (OR 6.2; 95% CI 1.8–21.4; p = .008). The median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score on admission was 3 (interquartile ranges 2–6), stroke was more severe in men ( p = .05). Conclusions Our study revealed that young patients with stroke in Estonia have higher burden of well-documented risk factors, higher prevalence of high-risk cardioembolic causes and higher prevalence of large-artery stroke compared to other young stroke cohorts.

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“…The participants’ food intake was measured for only a few days, and there were gaps of 3 to 8 years between subsequent study waves. Between follow-up studies, Estonian society was changing rapidly, including in its dietary behavior: BMI and obesity rates increased over the period of 2006–2018 ( Reile et al, 2020 ). The association of adaptive impulsivity with the predictors used in our models was relatively weak, and the effect sizes were statistically underpowered.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Impulsivity With Food, Nutrients, and Fitness in a Longitudinal Birth Cohort Study

Matrov

Kurrikoff

Villa

et al. 2022

International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology

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Background Impulsivity is a psychiatric vulnerability factor strongly associated with substance abuse but also with unhealthy diet. Whether these associations extend to specific nutrients is largely unknown. Therefore, we investigated the longitudinal association between diet, cardiorespiratory fitness, and two impulsivity dimensions in a representative sample of south Estonian adolescents and young adults. Impulsivity and dietary intake were measured three times in two birth cohorts at regular intervals in subjects of ages 15 to 33 years. Methods The sample included two birth cohorts of the longitudinal Estonian Children Personality Behaviour and Health Study (ECPBHS). The analytic sample size consisted of 2883 observations (56.4% females). The primary outcomes were adaptive and maladaptive impulsivity scores measured by an original 24 item Likert-type questionnaire. Impulsivity scores were predicted from the food diaries data converted into nutrient categories. Linear mixed-effects approach was used to model the time-dependence between observations. Results Lower maladaptive impulsivity was associated with higher cardiorespiratory fitness (β = -0.07; 95% CI: -0.12; -0.03). Higher maladaptive impulsivity was associated with lower dietary intake of zinc (β = -0.10; -0.15; -0.06) and vegetables (β = -0.04; -0.07; -0.01) and higher intake of sodium (β = 0.06; 0.02; 0.10). Vitamin B6 was positively associated with adaptive impulsivity (β = 0.04; 0.01; 0.07). Additionally, some of the adjusted models showed significant, but weak associations with selenium, alcohol, fish, and cereal products. Conclusions Food choice may affect the neurochemistry and therefore regulate the manifestations of impulsivity. We identified associations between several (micro)nutrients and maladaptive impulsivity.

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Long-term trends in the body mass index and obesity risk in Estonia: an age–period–cohort approach

Cited by 9 publications

References 42 publications

An age‐period‐cohort approach to studying long‐term trends in obesity and overweight in England (1992–2019)

An age‐period‐cohort approach to studying long‐term trends in obesity and overweight in England (1992–2019)

Estonian young stroke registry: High burden of risk factors and high prevalence of cardioembolic and large-artery stroke

Association of Impulsivity With Food, Nutrients, and Fitness in a Longitudinal Birth Cohort Study

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