Long-Term Ultraviolet Treatment for Macrofouling Control in Northern and Southern Hemispheres
Paul Whitworth,
Anthony S. Clare,
John A. Finlay
et al.
Abstract:The biofouling of marine structures must be controlled if crippling operational and maintenance costs are to be avoided and biological invasions prevented. However, traditional methods of biofouling control typically involve the use of toxic chemicals, which have their own drawbacks, both financial and environmental. For ships, the hull is the largest surface requiring a fouling-control coating; however, there are other so-called ‘niche’ areas (up to 10% of the total wetted area) that typically cannot be, or a… Show more
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