Long-Term US Industrial Energy Use and CO2 Emissions

Wise, Marshall; Sinha, Paramita; Lurz, Joshua P.

doi:10.2172/926968

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…4) Alteration of product design and waste protocols to facilitate reuse and recycling. The long term US industrial energy use and CO 2 emissions have been reported by Wise et al [4]. The authors studied the energy technologies and fuel choices over a 100-year period and the response of the industrial sector to climate policies.…”

Section: Co 2 Emissions Due To Energy Use In Industrymentioning

confidence: 93%

Possibilities of Creating Zero CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions Olive Pomace Plants Due to Energy Use in Crete, Greece

Vourdoubas¹

2016

OJEE

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Olive pomace plants process olive paste, a waste product of olive mills which produces crude olive kernel oil and olive kernel wood. Olive kernel wood has very good burning characteristics, high heat content, low cost and it is used as a renewable solid fuel replacing liquid fuel and heating oil. Part of the produced olive kernel wood is consumed inside the factory for heat generation and the rest is sold to heat consumers. It has been estimated that a typical olive pomace plant located in Crete, Greece consumes 42.86% of the produced olive kernel wood for its own heat generation, while the remaining 57.14% is sold to various heat consumers. 99.1% of the energy used in these plants is consumed for heating and the rest, 0.9%, for lighting and the operation of various electric devices. Olive pomace plants utilize a renewable solid fuel, which is carbon neutral, for the production of thermal energy. Therefore their CO2 emissions regarding energy utilization are due to electricity use. Installation of solar-PV panels in the plant could generate annually all the electricity needed for its operation. The current legal framework in Greece through net-metering allows the offsetting of grid electricity consumed in factories with PV electricity. The required capital cost of a solar-PV system installed in a typical olive pomace plant located in Crete, Greece in order to offset the grid electricity consumed annually has been estimated at 185,832€, the payback period of 5.33 years and the net present value at 555,671€. Since the plant could utilize only solid biomass for heat generation and could offset the grid electricity consumption with solar electricity, its total CO2 emissions due to energy use would be zero contributing positively to climate stabilization.

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Section: Co 2 Emissions Due To Energy Use In Industrymentioning

confidence: 93%

Possibilities of Creating Zero CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions Olive Pomace Plants Due to Energy Use in Crete, Greece

Vourdoubas¹

2016

OJEE

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“…Industrial energy use and CO 2 emissions in the United States (US) have been reported (Wise et al, 2007). The authors used appropriate models to predict fuel choices and energy technology use on a long term under policy constraints.…”

Section: Energy Use and Co 2 Emissions In Industrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Creation of Zero CO2 Emission Plants Due to Energy Use: A Case Study in Crete, Greece

Vourdoubas¹

2018

SET

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Creation of zero CO 2 emission enterprises due to energy use in Crete, Greece has been examined with reference to an orange juice producing plant (Viochym). Energy intensity at Viochym has been estimated at 1.66 KWh per € of annual sales. Oil used for heat generation has been replaced with solid biomass produced locally in Crete and resulting in zero CO 2 emissions due to the use of heat. Offsetting CO 2 emissions due to grid electricity use has been proposed with two options. The first includes the installation of a solar photovoltaic system with nominal power of 417 KWp, according to net metering regulations, generating annually 625 MWh equal to annual grid electricity consumption in the plant. Its capital cost has been estimated at 0.5 mil € which corresponds to 1.07 € per kg of CO 2 saved annually.The second option includes the creation of a tree plantation in an area of 107 hectare resulting in carbon sequestration equal to carbon emissions in the plant due to electricity use. Both options for offsetting CO 2 emissions in Viochym have various advantages and drawbacks and they are considered realistic and feasible, resulting in the elimination of its carbon emissions due to energy use. Improvement of the energy intensity of various processes in Viochym could result in lower CO 2 emissions and smaller sizing of the required renewable energy systems for eliminating them.

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“…The U.S. industrial module, detailed in Wise et al (2006), disaggregates the sector into 12 industry groups (nine manufacturing and three non-manufacturing). The designation of the 12 industry groups was informed by patterns of service demands and fuel consumption in the Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey (MECS; EIA 1999).…”

Section: Industrymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Value of End-Use Energy Efficiency in Mitigation of U.S. Carbon Emissions

Kyle¹,

Clarke²,

Kim³

et al. 2007

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This document was printed on recycled paper. AbstractThis report documents a scenario analysis exploring the value of advanced technologies in the U.S. buildings, industrial, and transportation sectors in stabilizing atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations. The analysis was conducted by staff members of Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), working at the Joint Global Change Research Institute (JGCRI) in support of the strategic planning process of the U.S. Department of Energy (U.S. DOE) Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE).The conceptual framework for the analysis is an integration of detailed buildings, industrial, and transportation modules into MiniCAM, a global integrated assessment model. The analysis is based on three technology scenarios, which differ in their assumed rates of deployment of new or presently available energy-saving technologies in the enduse sectors. These technology scenarios are explored with no carbon policy, and under two CO 2 stabilization policies, in which an economic price on carbon is applied such that emissions follow prescribed trajectories leading to long-term stabilization of CO 2 at roughly 450 and 550 parts per million by volume (ppmv). The costs of meeting the emissions targets prescribed by these policies are examined, and compared between technology scenarios.Relative to the reference technology scenario, advanced technologies in all three sectors reduce costs by 50% and 85% for the 450 and 550 ppmv policies, respectively. The 450 ppmv policy is more stringent and imposes higher costs than the 550 ppmv policy; as a result, the magnitude of the economic value of energy efficiency is four times greater for the 450 ppmv policy than the 550 ppmv policy. While they substantially reduce the costs of meeting emissions requirements, advanced end-use technologies do not lead to greenhouse gas stabilization without a carbon policy. This is due mostly to the effects of increasing service demands over time, the high consumption of fossil fuels in the electricity sector, and the use of unconventional feedstocks in the liquid fuel refining sector.Of the three end-use sectors, advanced transportation technologies have the greatest potential to reduce costs of meeting carbon policy requirements. Services in the buildings and industrial sectors can often be supplied by technologies that consume low-emissions fuels such as biomass or, in policy cases, electricity. Passenger transportation, in contrast, is especially unresponsive to climate policies, as the fuel costs are small compared to the time value of transportation and vehicle capital and operating costs. Delaying the transition from reference to advanced technologies by 15 years increases the costs of meeting 450 ppmv stabilization emissions requirements by 21%, but the costs are still 39% lower than the costs assuming reference technology.The report provides a detailed description of the end-use technology scenarios and provides a thorough analysis of the results. Assumptions are documented in the A...

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Long-Term US Industrial Energy Use and CO2 Emissions

Cited by 6 publications

References 10 publications

Possibilities of Creating Zero CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions Olive Pomace Plants Due to Energy Use in Crete, Greece

Possibilities of Creating Zero CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions Olive Pomace Plants Due to Energy Use in Crete, Greece

Creation of Zero CO2 Emission Plants Due to Energy Use: A Case Study in Crete, Greece

The Value of End-Use Energy Efficiency in Mitigation of U.S. Carbon Emissions

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Long-Term US Industrial Energy Use and CO2 Emissions

Cited by 6 publications

References 10 publications

Possibilities of Creating Zero CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; Emissions Olive Pomace Plants Due to Energy Use in Crete, Greece

Possibilities of Creating Zero CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; Emissions Olive Pomace Plants Due to Energy Use in Crete, Greece

Creation of Zero CO2 Emission Plants Due to Energy Use: A Case Study in Crete, Greece

The Value of End-Use Energy Efficiency in Mitigation of U.S. Carbon Emissions

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Possibilities of Creating Zero CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions Olive Pomace Plants Due to Energy Use in Crete, Greece

Possibilities of Creating Zero CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions Olive Pomace Plants Due to Energy Use in Crete, Greece