Long-term variability of the trophic status of the Curonian and Vistula Lagoons of the Baltic Sea

Cryptomonadales have acquired their plastids by secondary endosymbiosis. A novel clade-CRY1-has been discovered at the base of the Cryptomonadales tree, but it remains unknown whether it contains plastids. Cryptomonadales are also an important component of phytoplankton assemblages. However, they cannot be readily identified in fixed samples, and knowledge on dynamics and distribution of specific taxa is scarce. We investigated the phenology of the CRY1 lineage, three cryptomonadales clades and a species Proteomonas sulcata in a brackish lagoon of the Baltic Sea (salinity 0.3-3.9) using fluorescence in situ hybridization. A newly design probe revealed that specimens of the CRY1 lineage were aplastidic. This adds evidence against the chromalveolate hypothesis, and suggests that the evolution of cryptomonadales' plastids might have been shorter than is currently assumed. The CRY1 lineage was the most abundant cryptomonad clade in the lagoon. All of the studied cryptomonads peaked in spring at the most freshwater station, except for P. sulcata that peaked in summer and autumn. Salinity and concentration of dissolved inorganic nitrogen most significantly affected their distribution and dynamics. Our findings contribute to the ecology and evolution of cryptomonads, and may advance understanding of evolutionary relationships within the eukaryotic tree of life.

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“…The Vistula Lagoon is affected by high anthropogenic pressure (Aleksandrov 2009, Nawrocka & Kobos 2011.…”

Section: Sampling Site and Samples Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenology of cryptomonads and the CRY1 lineage in a coastal brackish lagoon (Vistula Lagoon, Baltic Sea)

Piwosz

Kownacka

Ameryk

et al. 2016

Journal of Phycology

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“…The mean annual primary production level ·per year accordingly) was considerably higher than in the middle of the 1970s (300 gC/m 2 ·year) (Aleksandrov 2009(Aleksandrov , 2010. That can, probably, testify to the significant eutrophication of the Curonian Lagoon where the hyperbloom of Cyanobacteria has been observed over the last thirty years.…”

Section: Effects Of Harmful Algal Blooms and Climate Change On The Cumentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Based on the results of numerous hydrochemical and biological investigations, the Curonian Lagoon can be classified as a hypertrophic water body (Aleksandrov 2009(Aleksandrov , 2010.…”

Section: Effects Of Harmful Algal Blooms and Climate Change On The Cumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, in the coastal area, the chlorophyll concentration during the blooming period (July-September) could vary five-fold from 49-53 g/m 2 in , 2009, 2013to 196-219 g/m 2 in 2008, 2010, 2011). In the hydrological and hydrochemical conditions existing in most parts of the lagoon, water temperature appeared to be one of the key factors determining seasonal and long-term variability in phytoplankton abundance, and therefore, the level of the Curonian Lagoon eutrophication.…”

Section: Effects Of Harmful Algal Blooms and Climate Change On The Cumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As A. flos-aquae contain microscopic vesicles that regulate their buoyancy, they are an important component of clusters on the water surface (Walsby 1994). Cyanobacteria spread over the lagoon from the end of June and the beginning of July till the end of October, accompanied by intensive bloom (Aleksandrov 2009(Aleksandrov , 2010Aleksandrov, Dmitrieva 2006;Gasiūnaitė et al 2008;Olenina, Olenin 2002). During the bloom period, the spatial-temporal concentration of dissolved oxygen in the lagoon greatly varies, resulting in anoxic conditions at high temperatures and low wind speeds (Gasiūnaitė et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Numerical simulation of dynamics of sediments disposed in the marine coastal zone of the south-eastern Baltic

Sokolov¹,

Chubarenko²

2018

Baltica

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Abstract. The Curonian Lagoon is the largest coastal lagoon of the Baltic Sea. The Curonian Lagoon is a hypereutrophic water body beset with two major problems: eutrophication and algal blooms. Biological and chemical data for the study of water eutrophication and algal blooms were collected from 4 sampling points in the coastal and off-shore areas at distances of 1 km and 4-5 km from the Curonian Spit during the period from April 2007 to November 2016. The ratio of mineral nitrogen/phosphorus forms created conditions for regular Cyanobacteria hyperblooms during the summer and early autumn. Such blooms are followed by an increase in the concentration of ammonia nitrogen, pH and BOD 5, their values exceeding the threshold limits for fishery water reservoirs. A distinct peak of chlorophyll a concentration was observed in the period of freshwater Cyanobacteria hyperbloom from July to September or October. During the "hyperbloom" of Cyanobacteria, their accumulation and decomposition, which was caused by a constant wind direction, also led to the local oxygen deficit and fish mortality in the coastal zone. Chlorophyll a concentration was always at the level of intensive bloom (10-100 μg/l) and over the period of 6 years (2008, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2014, 2016) it reached the hyperbloom state (above 100 μg/l). Water temperature appeared to be one of the key factors determining seasonal and long-term variability in phytoplankton abundance and, therefore, the level of eutrophication in the Curonian Lagoon.

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Eutrophication and Phytoplankton Primary Production in the Southeastern Baltic Sea, the Vistula and Curonian Lagoons

Aleksandrov,

Kudryavtseva

2023

The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry

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Long-term variability of the trophic status of the Curonian and Vistula Lagoons of the Baltic Sea

Cited by 10 publications

References 3 publications

Phenology of cryptomonads and the CRY1 lineage in a coastal brackish lagoon (Vistula Lagoon, Baltic Sea)

Phenology of cryptomonads and the CRY1 lineage in a coastal brackish lagoon (Vistula Lagoon, Baltic Sea)

Numerical simulation of dynamics of sediments disposed in the marine coastal zone of the south-eastern Baltic

Eutrophication and Phytoplankton Primary Production in the Southeastern Baltic Sea, the Vistula and Curonian Lagoons

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