Long term weight maintenance after advice to consume low carbohydrate, higher protein diets – A systematic review and meta analysis

Clifton, Peter; Condo, Dominique; Keogh, Jennifer B.

doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2013.11.006

Cited by 145 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Diets with the highest protein content significantly produced the most favourable reductions from baseline in body weight (-0.79 kg) and resulted in an interesting mitigation of the loss in lean mass as compared to the reference standard diets. 54 Finally, a systematic review and meta-analysis published in 2014 55 analysed the long-term effects of increased protein intake on body weight and fat mass. The 32 identified studies compared dietary advice promoting high protein and low carbohydrate intake with control dietary patterns.…”

Section: Meta-analyses and Systematic Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors concluded that a minimum difference of 5% in daily intakes (higher protein and lower carbohydrate) promoted improved weight loss, and resulted in up to 1 kg less fat mass, even in the long term. 55 However, these researchers also point out the high dropout rates in these trials, and stress the importance of thorough follow-up and correct implementation of the dietary change advice. 55 Indeed, adherence to dietary recommendations, and improving success rates, are issues that also need attention in future studies.…”

Section: Meta-analyses and Systematic Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Personalized weight loss strategies—the role of macronutrient distribution

2014

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A large number of different dietary approaches have been studied in the attempt to achieve healthy, sustainable weight loss among individuals with overweight and obesity. Restriction of energy intake is the primary method of producing a negative energy balance leading to weight loss. However, owing to the different metabolic roles of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids in energy homeostasis, diets of similar overall energy content but with different macronutrient distribution can differentially affect metabolism, appetite and thermogenesis. Evidence increasingly suggests that the fuel values of calories provided by distinct macronutrients should be considered separately, as metabolism of specific molecular components generates differences in energy yield and. The causes of variation in individual responses to various diets are currently under debate, and some evidence suggests that differences are associated with specific genotypes. This narrative Review discusses all available systematic reviews and metaanalyses, and summarizes the results of relevant randomized controlled intervention trials assessing the influence of macronutrient composition on weight management. The initial findings of research into personalized nutrition, based on the interactions of macronutrient intake and genetic background and its potential influence on dietary intervention strategies, are also discussed. Key points• The relative contributions of different aetiological factors to obesity remains to be fully defined, although the importance of different dietary macronutrients, physical activity patterns and genetics is acknowledged• Improved understanding of the mechanisms of weight gain and obesity might lead to comprehensive and efficient strategies to prevent and ameliorate this global epidemic• Studies of the roles of individual macronutrients in weight management are needed to define whether diets of similar calorific content but different composition differentially effect energy yield and utilization• Experts generally agree that weight-loss strategies should aim to not only reduce body fat in the short term, but also achieve long-term maintenance of healthy body weight• The study of gene-nutrient interactions and the differential effects of genotype on macronutrient utilization might identify personalized strategies for effective weight loss and maintenance of healthy body weight

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Section: Meta-analyses and Systematic Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Meta-analyses and Systematic Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personalized weight loss strategies—the role of macronutrient distribution

2014

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“…In recent years several review articles on low-carbohydrate diets in various respects has been published [90][91][92][93] . There are different conclusions in these articles about the advantages and disadvantages of low-carbohydrate diets, which may seem somewhat contradictory but it is essential to note that various types of low-carbohydrate diets with different macronutrient content are included in the analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trials of Diets for Treatment of Diabetes : A comparison of diets for treatment of type 2 diabetes, aspects on long and short term effects

Guldbrand¹

2015

Linköping University Medical Dissertations

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“…[5][6][7] Moreover, recently conducted meta-analyses of longterm trials show lasting effects after the cessation of active intervention. 8,9 Another meta-analysis has demonstrated benefits of a low glycaemic index diet among individuals with obesity. 10 We should also distinguish between high trial 'retention' and high 'dietary adherence' .…”

Section: Correspondencementioning

confidence: 99%