Longer duration of seasonal stratification contributes to widespread increases in lake hypoxia and anoxia

Jane, Stephen F.; Mincer, Joshua L.; Lau, Maximilian P.; Lewis, Abigail S. L.; Stetler, Jonathan T.; Rose, Kevin C.

doi:10.1111/gcb.16525

Cited by 45 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Contrary to the pre-2009 interannual dynamics of anoxia, which were predominantly driven by changes in water column stability and stratification duration (Ladwig et al, 2021a; Jane et al, 2022), we highlight that the anoxia increase in 2010 was driven by indirect ecosystem impacts of spiny water flea on Lake Mendota’s phytoplankton. Spiny water flea prey on the zooplankton grazer Daphnia , and the reduction in Daphnia grazing enabled phytoplankton, primarily diatoms, to flourish (Walsh et al, 2017, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

The aftermath of a trophic cascade: Increased anoxia following species invasion of a eutrophic lake

Rohwer

Ladwig

Dugan

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Species invasions can disrupt aquatic ecosystems by re-wiring food webs. A trophic cascade triggered by the invasion of the predatory zooplankter spiny water flea (Bythotrephes cederstromii) resulted in increased phytoplankton due to decreased zooplankton grazing. Here, we show that increased phytoplankton biomass led to an increase in lake anoxia. The temporal and spatial extent of anoxia experienced a step change increase coincident with the invasion. Anoxia was driven by phytoplankton biomass and stratification changes, and anoxic factor increased by 10 days. In particular, anoxia established more quickly following spring stratification. A shift in spring phytoplankton phenology encompassed both abundance and community composition. Diatoms (Bacillaryophyta) drove the increase in spring phytoplankton biomass, but not all phytoplankton community members increased, shifting the community composition. We infer that increased phytoplankton biomass increased labile organic matter and drove hypolimnetic oxygen consumption. These results demonstrate how a species invasion can shift lake phenology and biogeochemistry.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

The aftermath of a trophic cascade: Increased anoxia following species invasion of a eutrophic lake

Rohwer

Ladwig

Dugan

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…By regressing limnological variables (e.g., SRP, NH 4 + ) over AD, we obtain the overall metabolism of the anaerobic hypolimnion and a daily accumulation rate for each compound. In turn, this enables prediction of said compound total loads in a warmer climate where stratification and anoxia prolong (Jane et al 2023), provided that destratification dynamics can be adequately modeled. To this end, we built on the deductive approach that deconstructs oxygen depletion rates using lake bathymetry (Livingstone and Imboden 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anaerobic duration predicts biogeochemical consequences of oxygen depletion in lakes

LaBrie

Hupfer

Lau

2023

Limnol Oceanogr Letters

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Oxygen depletion in deep-water layers of lakes is of growing concern as it expands due to eutrophication and climate change. Anoxia is dangerous for benthic invertebrates and fishes, enables the production of potent greenhouse gases and releases stored phosphorus from sediments, among others. However, quantitatively forecasting the consequences of anoxia remains a challenge. Here, we developed a novel tool, anaerobic duration, which may be derived from oxygen profiles to predict end-ofsummer concentration of various water chemical parameters. We argue that all by-products of anaerobic microbial metabolism should be relatable to anaerobic duration as they are released or processed continuously during anoxia. We show that anaerobic duration can be used to predict the ecological consequences of temporally and spatially growing anoxia in lakes of varying nutrient availability and condition.

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“…However, several factors may limit turnover related CH 4 emissions. First, CH 4 accumulation requires that substantial water volumes become anoxic, and this is not always the case for stratified water bodies, although a trend toward reduced DO in lakes has been recently pointed out and linked to climate change (Jane et al, 2021(Jane et al, , 2023.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This stored CH 4 can rapidly get emitted upon lake turnover when CH 4 -rich hypolimnion water reaches the water surface and can exchange gas with the atmosphere (Denfeld et al, 2018;Hounshell et al, 2021;Michmerhuizen et al, 1996;Riera et al, 1999). Estimates of regional or global lake CH 4 emissions therefore often consider emissions of this stored CH 4 to be a potentially large share of the yearly lake CH 4 emissions (Denfeld et al, 2018), that could be enhanced by declines in DO in lakes due to climate change and land-use (Jane et al, 2021(Jane et al, , 2023.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Effects of Water Column Dissolved Oxygen Concentrations on Lake Methane Emissions—Results From a Whole‐Lake Oxygenation Experiment

Pajala,

Sawakuchi,

Rudberg

et al. 2023

JGR Biogeosciences

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Lakes contribute 9%–19% of global methane (CH4) emissions to the atmosphere. Dissolved molecular oxygen (DO) in lakes can inhibit the production of CH4 and promote CH4 oxidation. DO is therefore often considered an important regulator of CH4 emissions from lakes. Presence or absence of DO in the water above the sediments can affect CH4 production and emissions by (a) influencing if methane production can be fueled by the most reactive organic matter in the top sediment layer or rely on deeper and less degradable organic matter, and (b) enabling CH4 accumulation in deep waters and potentially large emissions upon water column turnover. However, the relative importance of these two DO effects on CH4 fluxes is still unclear. We assessed CH4 fluxes from two connected lake basins in northern boreal Sweden where one was experimentally oxygenated. Results showed no clear difference in summer CH4 emissions attributable to water column DO concentrations. Large amounts of CH4 accumulated in the anoxic hypolimnion of the reference basin but little of this may have been emitted because of incomplete mixing, and effective methane oxidation of stored CH4 reaching oxic water layers. Accordingly, ≤24% of the stored CH4 was likely emitted in the experimental lake. Overall, our results suggest that hypolimnetic DO and water column CH4 storage might have a smaller impact on CH4 emissions in boreal forest lakes than previous estimates, yet potential fluxes associated with water column turnover events remain a significant uncertainty in lake CH4 emission estimates.

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Longer duration of seasonal stratification contributes to widespread increases in lake hypoxia and anoxia

Cited by 45 publications

References 67 publications

The aftermath of a trophic cascade: Increased anoxia following species invasion of a eutrophic lake

The aftermath of a trophic cascade: Increased anoxia following species invasion of a eutrophic lake

Anaerobic duration predicts biogeochemical consequences of oxygen depletion in lakes

The Effects of Water Column Dissolved Oxygen Concentrations on Lake Methane Emissions—Results From a Whole‐Lake Oxygenation Experiment

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