Longer‐term primary prevention for alcohol misuse in young people: a systematic review

Foxcroft, David; Ireland, Diana; Lister-Sharp, D; Lowe, Geoff; Breen, Rosie

doi:10.1046/j.1360-0443.2003.00355.x

Cited by 354 publications

(258 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…This is consistent with the evidence base for strategies promoting changes in lifestyle which tend to be demonstrated in the medium to long term (39)(40)(41) and in association with increased length of participation in the programme (42,43) .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Policy and public health recommendations to promote the initiation and duration of breast-feeding in developed country settings

Dyson

Renfrew

McFadden

et al. 2009

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To develop policy and public health recommendations for implementation at all levels by individuals and organisations working in, or related to, the field of breast-feeding promotion in developed country settings, where breastfeeding rates remain low. Design: Two research phases, comprising (i) an assessment of the formal evidence base in developed country settings and (ii) a consultation with UK-based practitioners, service managers and commissioners, and representatives of service users. The evidence base included three systematic reviews and an Evidence Briefing. One hundred and ten studies evaluating an intervention in developed country settings were assessed for quality and awarded an overall quality rating. Studies with a poor quality rating were excluded. The resulting seventy studies examined twenty-five types of intervention for breast-feeding promotion. These formed the basis of the second consultation phase to develop the evidence-based interventions into recommendations for practice, which comprised (i) pilot consultation, (ii) electronic consultation, (iii) fieldwork meetings and (iv) workshops. Draft findings were synthesised for two rounds of stakeholder review conducted by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Results: Twenty-five recommendations emerged within three complementary and necessary categories, i.e. public health policy, mainstream clinical practice and local interventions. Conclusions: The need for national policy directives was clearly identified as a priority to address many of the barriers experienced by practitioners when trying to work across sectors, organisations and professional groups. Routine implementation of the WHO/UNICEF Baby Friendly Initiative across hospital and community services was recommended as core to breast-feeding promotion in the UK. A local mix of complementary interventions is also required.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Policy and public health recommendations to promote the initiation and duration of breast-feeding in developed country settings

Dyson

Renfrew

McFadden

et al. 2009

Public Health Nutr.

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“…Given the prevalence of MI approaches, understanding their effectiveness is clearly important for the field. The review authors have a notable history of producing systematic reviews instrumental to understanding the effectiveness of various alcohol preventive interventions for young people 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12. Similarly, Cochrane is methodologically exemplary in setting international standards for conducting systematic reviews 13.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reviewing and interpreting the effects of brief alcohol interventions: comment on a Cochrane review about motivational interviewing for young adults

et al. 2015

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BackgroundCochrane recently published a systematic review on motivational interviewing (MI) for alcohol misuse in young adults. The review authors concluded that ‘there are no substantive, meaningful benefits of MI interventions for the prevention of alcohol misuse’ (p. 2), as effect sizes were ‘small and unlikely to be of any meaningful benefit in practice’ (p. 27). As most of these interventions were quite brief, we wish to open a dialogue about interpreting effect sizes in this review and of (brief) alcohol interventions more generally.AnalysisWe analyze four methodological aspects of the review that likely influenced the author's conclusions about intervention effects: (1) risk of bias assessments, (2) search strategies, (3) assessing the quality of the body of evidence and (4) definitions of sustainability and clinical significance.ConclusionsWe interpret the effect sizes found in this review to indicate modest yet beneficial and potentially meaningful effects of these interventions, given their brevity and low cost. This interpretation is consistent with other reviews on brief, MI‐based interventions and brief interventions more generally. We therefore encourage the field to re‐open dialogue about the clinical importance of the effects of MI on alcohol misuse by young adults. Rather than dismissing interventions with small effects, we believe a more fruitful way forward for the field would be to catalogue effect sizes for various alcohol interventions. Such a catalogue would help stakeholders themselves to choose which interventions meet their minimum desired impact, and thus may be suitable given their targeted populations, setting and resources.

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“…As noted in relevant literature reviews, there are very few randomized, controlled studies examining outcomes 3 years or more past baseline or intervention posttest (Foxcroft et al, 2003). Key reasons for intervention research on this topic concern the prevalence of substance use in the general population, with its social, health, and economic consequences, and the influence of factors originating in family and school environments on substance use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substance use outcomes 5½ years past baseline for partnership-based, family-school preventive interventions

Spoth

Randall

Trudeau

et al. 2008

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

105

110

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This article reports adolescent substance use outcomes of universal family and school preventive interventions 5½ years past baseline. Participants were 1677 7th grade students from schools (N = 36) randomly assigned to the school-based Life Skills Training plus the Strengthening Families Program: For Parents and Youth 10-14 (LST + SFP 10-14), LST-alone, or a control condition. Selfreports were collected at baseline, 6 months later following the interventions, then yearly through the 12th grade. Measures included initiation-alcohol, cigarette, marijuana, and drunkenness, along with a Substance Initiation Index (SII)-and measures of more serious use-frequency of alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use, drunkenness frequency, monthly poly-substance use, and advanced poly-substance use. Analyses ruled out differential attrition. For all substance initiation outcomes, one or both intervention groups showed significant, positive point-in-time differences at 12th grade and/or significant growth trajectory outcomes when compared with the control group. Although no main effects for the more serious substance use outcomes were observed, a higher-risk subsample demonstrated significant, positive 12th grade point-in-time and/or growth trajectory outcomes for one or both intervention groups on all measures. The observed pattern of results likely reflects a combination of predispositions of the higher-risk subsample, the timing of the interventions, and baseline differences between experimental conditions favoring the control group.

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Longer‐term primary prevention for alcohol misuse in young people: a systematic review

Cited by 354 publications

References 67 publications

Policy and public health recommendations to promote the initiation and duration of breast-feeding in developed country settings

Policy and public health recommendations to promote the initiation and duration of breast-feeding in developed country settings

Reviewing and interpreting the effects of brief alcohol interventions: comment on a Cochrane review about motivational interviewing for young adults

Substance use outcomes 5½ years past baseline for partnership-based, family-school preventive interventions

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